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ELC-12-1452Inspection Worksheet Miami Shores Village 10050 N.E. 2nd Avenue Miami Shores, FL Phone: (305)795 -2204 Fax: (305)756 -8972 Inspection Number: INSP - 190329 Permit Number: ELC -8 -12 -1452 Inspection Date: May 30, 2013 Inspector: Devaney, Michael Owner: LLC, DEVINELLA Job Address: 9165 PARK Drive Miami Shores, FL Project: <NONE> Contractor: VOLT -TECH Permit Type: Electrical - Commercial Inspection Type: Final Work Classification: Generator Phone Number (305)785 -8990 Parcel Number 1132060141350 Phone: (321)2684348 Building Department Comments install 50k natural gas fueled generator and accessories Infractlo Passed Comments INSPECTOR COMMENTS False Passed Inspector Comments CREATED AS REINSPECTION pluming and building. FOR INSP- 176646. Final o. k. pending IM Failed 5-7e— Correction Needed �� 69 Ira/ CP /3 Re- Inspection Fee No Additional Inspections can be scheduled re- inspection fee is paid. until May 30, 2013 For Inspections please call: (305)762 -4949 Page 1 of 1 Miami Shores Viiiage Building Department RECEIPT PERMIT #: 12 — 1 y X 2 DATE: 10050 N.E.2nd Avenue Miami Shores, Florida 33138 Tel: (305) 795.2204 Fax: (305) 756.8972 Vipcivis_ CA-W, % L Contractor Owner ;Architect Picked up 2 sets of plans and (other) 4oL� i pig,+ 1 Address: CI 1 �� !L O a4 (/,- From the building department on this date in order to have corrections done to plans And /or get County, Shores Village tand that the plans need to be brought back to Miami Acknowledged by: • PERMIT CLERK INITIAL:ilaTiffim RESUBMITTED DATE: PERMIT CLERK INITIAL: Miami Shores Village Building Department 10050 N.E.2nd Avenue, Miami Shores, Florida 33138 Tel: (305) 795.2204 Fax: (305) 756.8972 INSPECTION'S PHONE NUMBER: (305) 762.4949 lb I I a -ray -Y BUILDING PERMIT APPLICATION Permit Type: Electrical JOB ADDRESS: 9165 Park Dr. City: FBC 20 (0 C1 -�� Permit No. Master Permit No. CC-11-11-2060 Miami Shores County: Miami Dade Zip: 33138 Folio/Parcel #: 1132060141350 Is the Building Historically Designated: Wes X NO Flood Zone: OWNER: Name (Fee Simple Titleholder): Devine l l a LLC Phone#: 305-785-8890 Address: 6644 Windsor Ln. City: Miami Beach State: FL zip: 33141 Tenant/Lessee Name- Phone#: Email: CONTRACTOR: Company Name: Volt -Tech Address: 4555 Capron Rd City: Titusville State: FL Qualifier Name: Jonathan B. DeWitt Phone#: 321 -268 -4348 Zip: 32780 Phone#: 321 - 268 -4348 State Certification or Registration #: EC - 0 0 01808 Certificate of Competency #: Contact Phone #: 321- 268 -4348 Email Address: 1jdewitt @volt- tech.net DESIGNER: Architect/Engineer: Phone#: Value of Work for this Permit: $ 24 , 752 . 00 Square/Linear Footage of Work: Type of Work: ❑Address Alteration UNew ORepair/Replace ODemolition Description of Work: Install 50KW natuaral gas fueled generator and accessories ** ;:**** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *** Fees /x�� ***** * * ** *** * * * *** * * * * * * * * **** * * * *** ** * ** Submittal Fee $ I n Permit Fee $ ��? c5 w CCF $ CO /CC $ Scanning Fee $ Radon Fee $ DBPR $ Bond $ Notary $ Training/Education Fee $ Technology Fee $ Double Fee $ Structural Review $ TOTAL FEE NOW DUE $ C 05-1 U c-I- i • Bonding Company's Name (if applicable) Bonding Company's Address City State Zip Mortgage Lender's Name (if applicable) Mortgage Lender's Address City State Zip Application is hereby made to obtain a permit to do the work and installations as indicated. I certify that no work or installation has commenced prior to the issuance of a permit and that all work will be performed to meet the standards of all laws regulating construction in this jurisdiction. I understand that a separate permit must be secured for ELECTRICAL WORK, PLUMBING, SIGNS, WELLS, POOLS, FURNACES, BOILERS, HEATERS, TANKS and AIR CONDITIONERS, ETC OWNER'S AFFIDAVIT: I certify that all the foregoing information is accurate and that all work will be done in compliance with all applicable laws regulating construction and zoning. "WARNING TO OWNER: YOUR FAILURE TO RECORD A NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT MAY RESULT IN YOUR PAYING TWICE FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO YOUR PROPERTY. IF YOU INTEND TO OBTAIN FINANCING, CONSULT WITH YOUR LENDER OR AN ATTORNEY BEFORE RECORDING YOUR NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT." Notice to Applicant: As a condition to the issuance of a building permit with an estimated value exceeding $2500, the applicant must promise in good faith that a copy of the notice of commencement and construction lien law brochure will be delivered to the person whose property is subject to attachment. Also, a certified copy of the recorded notice of commencement must be posted at the job site for the first inspection which occurs seven (7) days after the building permit is issued. In the absence of such posted notice, the inspection will not be approved and a reinspection fee will be charged. Signature / Owner or Agent The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this f4 L day of= ,20 la—, by Moz-t--\\ W+E%LSC L , who is personally known to me or who has produced Ft. �L kph .$(,s. t, %° ,?4 As identification and who did take an oath. NOTARY PUBLIC: Sign: Print: / OF 4 - Al e r da My Commission My Commission EE027516 poi Expires 10/15/2014 Contractor The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this) day of -1� , 20 a, by Z010.--)Si.-et-it, ' who is person known to me or who has produced as identification and who did take an oath. NOTARY PUBLIC: Sign: Print: My Commis Notary Public State of Flo „: Sylvia A Perry My Commission EE027518 pFpow Expires 10/15/2014 ************✓F******* ** .***************** ******************************* k* a ****************************** Zoning APPROVED B Plans Examiner Structural Review (Revised 3 /12/2012)(Revised 07 /10 /07)(Revised 06 /10/2009)(Revised 3/15/09) Clerk Inspection Worksheet Miami Shores Village 10050 N.E. 2nd Avenue Miami Shores, FL Phone: (305)795 -2204 Fax: (305)756 -8972 Inspection Number: INSP- 183357 Permit Number: PLC -8 -12 -1453 Scheduled Inspection Date: May 01, 2013 Inspector: Hernandez, Rafael Owner: LLC, DEVINELLA Job Address: 9165 PARK Drive Miami Shores, FL Project: <NONE> Contractor: BRIAN KIERSTEAD PLUMBING LLC Permit Type: Plumbing - Commercial Inspection Type: Final Work Classification: Gas Phone Number (305)785 -8990 Parcel Number 1132060141350 Building Department Comments GAS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FROM GAS METER Infractlo Passed Comments INSPECTOR COMMENTS False Passed Failed Correction Needed Re- Inspection Fee No Additional Inspections can be scheduled until re- inspection fee is paid. Inspector Comments CREATED AS REINSPECTION FOR INSP- 176650. April 30, 2013 For Inspections please call: (305)762 -4949 Page 5 of 25 Miami Shores Village Building Department 10050 N.E 2nd Avenu Miami Shores, Florida 3313 Tel: (305) 795 220 Fax: (305) 756 897 Permit No. i 2--14 . Job Name PLUMBING CRITIQUE SHEET K a- Miami Shores Village RECErkiEr Building Department 10050 N.E.2nd Avenue, Miami Shores, Florida 33138 Tel: (305) 795.2204 Fax: (305) 756.8972 INSPECTION'S PHONE NUMBER: (305) 762.4949 FBC20t0 1 j Permit No. -----' l Z' I 15 3 Master Permit No. qt.—CA ri 2 BUILDING PERMIT APPLICATION Permit Type: PLUMBING JOB ADDRESS: 1 !.6-5— perk (.7rs City: Miami Shores County: Miami Dade zip: 331.3? Folio/Parcel #: Is the Building Historically Designated: Yes NO Flood Zone: OWNER: Name (Fee Simple Titleholder): �e 11 1 Y12.1 1 i L. L Address: 6 106-4:1,St City: tQ.1 - eo-CL Phone #3OS - 705- &U /O State: zip: 33 / Tenant/Lessee Name: Phone#: Email: CONTRACTOR: Company Name: Address: , Al A ., itz. y3* Sie. /Sim City: "44.01471-1e- 45 Phone#: State: Zip: 3. %fr Qualifier Name: Phone #: State Certification or Registration #: dAW,..-/92. 6 °7'x 7, Certificate of Competency #: Contact Phone#: V --- .7712..-53 73O Email Address: lad/C°.54265 (4.,xrP7 .,,sh ,.c+. ac, DESIGNER: Architect/Engineer: Phone#: Value of Work for this Permit: $ .2 ` ° 4742 Square/Linear Footage of Work: Type of Work: °Address ❑Alteration °New ORepair/Replace ❑Demolition D e s c r i p t i o n of W o r k : CarALS ciofsly f 6 t . & + o r, &5i _ a'rr,r, 9cas me �- ArAficii " -e i,,- , 2 rye it- ,gol *** ********** * **** ** *********+ *** ***Fees *** * ******** * ***+x***** wax ** *** * *** s********* Submittal Fee $ �� Permit Fee $ 0 CCF $ CO /CC $ Scanning Fee $ Radon Fee $ DBPR $ Bond $ Notary $ Training/Education Fee $ Technology Fee $ Double Fee $ Structural Review $ TOTAL FEE NOW DUE $ / e Bonding Company's Name (if applicable) Bonding Company's Address City State Zip Mortgage Lender's Name (if applicable) Mortgage Lender's Address City State Zip Application is hereby made to obtain a permit to do the work and installations as indicated. I certify that no work or installation has commenced prior to the issuance of a permit and that all work will be performed to meet the standards of all laws regulating construction in this jurisdiction. I understand that a separate permit must be secured for ELECTRICAL WORK, PLUMBING, SIGNS, WELLS, POOLS, FURNACES, BOIT.RRS, HEATERS, TANKS and AIR CONDITIONERS, ETC OWNER'S AFFIDAVIT: I certify that all the foregoing information is accurate and that all work will be done in compliance with all applicable laws regulating construction and zoning. "WARNING TO OWNER: YOUR FAILURE TO RECORD A NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT MAY RESULT IN YOUR PAYING TWICE FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO YOUR PROPERTY. IF YOU INTEND TO OBTAIN FINANCING, CONSULT WITH YOUR LENDER OR AN ATTORNEY BEFORE RECORDING YOUR NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT." Notice to Applicant: As a condition to the issuance of a building permit with an estimated value exceeding $2500, the applicant must promise in good faith that a copy of the notice of commencement and construction lien law brochure will be delivered to the person whose property is subject to attachment. Also, a certified copy of the recorded notice of commencement must be posted at the job site for the first inspection which occurs seven (7) days after the building permit is issued In the absence of such posted notice, the inspection will not be approved and a reinspection fee will be charged. Signature Owner or Agent The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this day of 1-k.11 , 20 j by Pk Lv.. k¢ksC , who is personally known to me or who has produced Pt. k9EX °S —Xd identification and who did take an oath. NOTARY PUBLIC: Sign: Print: My Co ssion Ex * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** APPROVED BY Signature Contractor ) j� The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me thisl� i� day of , , , 201, byI who is p8t'sonally known to me or who has produced ( as identification and who did take an oath. NOTARY PUBLIC: Sign: Print: My Co TWA ft Notary Public State Florida S Ivia A Per My Commission EE027616 ptfeptres 10/15/2014 Plans Examiner Zoning Structural Review Clerk (Revised3 /12/2012)(Revised 07 /10 /07)(Revised 06 /10 /2009)(Revised 3/15/09) Inspection Worksheet Miami Shores Village 10050 N.E. 2nd Avenue Miami Shores, FL Phone: (305)795 -2204 Fax: (305)756 -8972 Inspection Number: INSP - 190436 Permit Number: CC -8 -12 -1471 Scheduled Inspection Date: May 02, 2013 Inspector: Bruhn, Norman Owner: LLC, DEVINELLA Job Address: 9165 PARK Drive Miami Shores, FL Project <NONE> Contractor: KEN CONSTANTINO BUILDERS INC Permit Type: Commercial Construction Inspection Type: Final Building Work Classification: Alteration Phone Number (305)785 -8990 Parcel Number 1132060141350 Phone: (321)725 -2837 Building Department Comments INSTALL GENERATOR ON ROOF Infractio Passed Comments INSPECTOR COMMENTS False Inspector Comments Passed Failed Correction Needed Re- Inspection Fee No Additional Inspections can be scheduled until re- inspection fee is paid. May 01, 2013 For Inspections please call: (305)762 -4949 Page 26 of 32 2012 - 2013 THE PERSON(S), OR SNTrtY BELOW: LOCATION: VOLT TECH 4555 CAPRON RD TITUSVILLE FL 32780 4555 CAPRON RD CITY OF TITUSVILLE, FL 32730 OWNED BY • • JONATHAN E OEWITT BREVARD COUNTY RUSINESSTAX RECEIPT SUBJECT TO COUNTY ZONING RESTRICTIONS TAX RECEIPT SHOULD BE DISPLAYED ON PREMISES BUSINESS CLASSIFICATIONS, DISCLAIMERS, AND RELATED FEES: BUSINESS PERIOD: OCTOI3ER 1, 2012 - EXPIRES: ACCOUNT NO, 9710732 SEPTEMBER 30, 2013 SEPTEMBER 30, 2013 ISSUED PURSUANT AND SUBJECT TO FLORIDA STATUTES AND BREVARD COUNTY CODE ISSUANCE DOES NOT CERTIFY COMPLIANCE WITH ZONING OR OTHER LAWS. BUSINESS TAX RECEIPT fS SUBJECT TO REVOCATION FOR ZONING VIOLATIONS, AND ! OR FAILURE TO MAINTAIN REGULATORY PRE - REQUISITES AS REQUIRED FOR BUSINESS CLASSIFICATION(S), OR SUBSEQUENT ACTIVrES, NOTIFY TAX COLLECTOR UPON CLOSING OF BUSINESS, A PERMIT IS REQUIRED TO ADVERTISE (Including with signage) ^GOING OUT OF BUSINESS", LISA CULLEN, CFC, Brevard County Tax Collector P 0 Box 2500, Titusville, Florida 327812500 (321) zti4 -BYIu UPON A CHANGE OF OWNERSHIP OR LOCATION, BUSINESS TAX RECEIPT SHOULD BE TRANSJ<RRRI<D WITHIN 30 DAYS. EXEMPTIONS: NON EXEMPT PENALTY; $,00 300240 ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR $20005 2012.2013 RECEIPT AMT 537.00 DRANCI1 OFFICES; Merritt Island Office, 1450 N. Courtenay Pkwy, Merritt island, FL 32953 Melbourne Office, 1515 Sarno Road, Melbourne, FL 32935 Palm Ray Office, 450 Cogan Dr. SE, Palm Bay, FL 32909 MAIN OFFICE: 400 South St:, 6th Floor, Titusville, FL 32780 (321) 264-6910, (321) 633-2199, ext. 46910 BTR- TX/RCPT -04 NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT A RECORDED COPY MUST BE POSTED ON THE JOB SITE AT TIME OF FIRST INSPECTION PERMIT NO. CC-I 2 HI TAX FOLIO NO. STATE OF FLORIDA. COUNTY OF MIAMI -DADS THE UNDERSIGNED hereby gives notice that improvements will be made to certain real property, and in accordance with Chapter 713, Florida Statutes, the following Information is provided in this Notice of Commencement. 1. Legal description of property and street / address: Legal Description Attached as Exhitr t A Address: 9185 Perk Dive, Mend Shores, FL 33138 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 CFN 2012807820.7 OR Bk 28338 F'ss 0308 - 3099 (29ss) RECORDED 11/01/2012 09444 :26 HARVEY RUVIN, CLERK, OF COURT MIAMI -DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA 2. Description of improvement Generatorwak 3. Owner(s) name and address: Dwindle. LLC 6644 Windsor Lane, blot. FL 33141 Interest in property: Fee simple Name and address of fee simple titleholder: 4. Contractor's name and address: Ken Constantino Bidders, Inc. 221 W. Hibiscus Blvd.. # 128 Melbourne. FL 32901 5. Surety: (Payment bond required by owner from contractor, If any) Name and Address: NIA Amount of bond $ 6. Lender's name and address: PunaustBank Mal Code FL Miend 1038 777 Eldokell Ave., 3rd Floor. Mrem9. FL :33131 Phone Numbac 305879 -7203 7. Persons within the state of Florida designated by Owner upon wham notices or other documents may be served as provided by Section 713.13(1)(a)7., Florida Statutes. Name and Address: 8. In addition to himself, Owners designates the following person(s) to receive a copy of the Lienor's Notice as provided in Section 713.13(1)(b), Florida Statutes. Name and Address: Sunbusl Bank Atln: Pier Atendo 777 Brkkdl Ave. 3rd Floor Mimi. FL 33131 Phone 305. 579 -7233 9. Expiration date of this Notice of Commencement (the expiration date is 1 year from the date of recording unless a different date is specified) :15113 ►-jrc1' ature of Owner a rVkr(3 Print Owner's Name ` ie.. r--A. `fie 4 S CA\ Prepared by Sworn to and subscribe efgre me this 1 day of N6 Li , 20 1 Address: Notary Public Print Notary's Name: My commission expi -res: AY PUBLIC • STATE OF FLORIDA Linda M. Laianl Commission # DD842267 t, Expires: DEC. 02, 2012 r,ED THRU ATLANTIC BONDING CO„ INC. `') OR BK 28338 PG 0309 LAST PAGE CF R 20120004646 BOOK 27949 PAGE 3877 EXHIBIT aA* Legal Description Lot25 and that portion of Lot 2.4 lying Southwesterly of a line that Is 25 feet Northeasterly of and parallel to the Southwesterly boundary of oid Lot 24, an in Block 59, MLM.41 SHORBS, SECTION 2, according to The Plat thereof as recorded In Plat Book 10, at Page 37 of the Public Records Miami -Dade County, Florida. And Lot26 a n d t h a t p o r t i o n o f Lot 2 7 I y i n g N o r t h o a s t e r l y ofa Has that is25 feet Northeasterly of and podia] to the Southwesterly of said L*t27, all MMBtaek 59, MIAMI SHORES, SECTION 2, according to the Plat thereaf'as recorded in Plat Book 10, at Page 37 of the Public Records Miami -Dade County, Florida. STATE OF FLORIDA, COUNT OF DADE 1 HEREBY CERTIFY that this is a true copy of the envoi Wed In this office on day of , AD20 WITNESS y hand and .fficial Seal. HARVEY R N. CIS • f Circud and County courts O.C. RY TAHASHIA ' NOLO 1144 STATE OP FLORIDA COUNTY OP DADS tutfaeerCERTIFY tholotatoUtita at+iand cnwe 4 % orlgtnit an 51* A025 HARM RIP" CLERK. atCtra+ gndeonntVComb. OoputyClork 969301 Permit No: 12 -1471 Job Name: August 6, 2012 Miami Shores Vivage Building Department Building Critique Sheet 10050 N.E.2nd Avenue Miami Shores, Florida 33138 Tel: (305) 795.2204 Fax: (305) 756.8972 Page 1 of 1 1) Provide approval from Miami Dade Fire. 2) Provide a location plan that identifies all openings adjacent to the new equipment. This is to include vents and eave vents if any. 3) Provide the method of attachment to the structure to resist the wind loadsand the gravity loads shown on the structural plans. These must be reviewed and signed approved by the designer of record. Plan review is not complete, when all items above are corrected, we will do a complete plan review. If any sheets are voided, remove them from the plans and replac with new revised sheets and include one set of voided sheets in the re- submittal drawings. Norman Bruhn CBO 305 - 762 -4859 FA,: (13 IL-N5 kloj 4-9 12)d --kV:64-11 BUILDING PERMIT APPLICA Miami Shores Village Building Department 10050 N.E.2nd Avenue, Miami Shores, Florida 33138 Tel: (305) 795.2204 Fax: (305) 756.8972 INSPECTION'S PHONE NUMBER: (305) 762.4949 Permit Type: BUILDING JOB ADDRESS: 9 t (05 f)140244, D i` v` ° MAR `v, : 3 FBC 20LD Permit No. C_ C.-1 Z ! d Master Permit No. C- - I ( 2 ®(2, 8 ROOFING City: Miami Shores County: Folio/Parcel #: 310 - 01 Le- r t �� Is the Building Historically Designated: Yes NO Miami Dade Zip: 33 f 3 g x Flood Zone: OWNER: Name (Fee Simple Titleholder): D ') (-LC Phone #: 3e6 7C d 1 t "f Address: (h� 4.4 k t 1\1\0.O le- °- City: 1M /VA- • t ,t ) State: Zip: 3.31 T I Tenant/Lessee Name: Phone #: '335 7 tt, 1 7 7 4 f Email: Wi \` e✓1Sc-k Csev1C:erk ea. re_ t (LO�f CONTRACTOR: Company Name: i"��' tA, eec4C1A140 ELOAA ) like ` Phone #: 32- f Address: 2 tai e (`F-( 6156 us City: lvi-e tC3uz - Sr: FCsaLI o Zip: S2-90 1 Qualifier Name: Ve 6l A etfk, eco..5+0z v1 CGS Phone #: 32.4 a 3 1711 State Certification or Registration #: eACA Vi, g ? 7 Certificate of Competency #: Contact Phone #: 32 t -- 72g — al 3 7 Email Address: Ke V1 VI L, t col ei 9 (2:5O d DESIGNER: Architect/Engineer: M' 44 A, C.Jt oA P bet t Phone #: 30.E '75 20 8 "72,5 -2837 Value of Work for this Permit: $ Square/Linear Footage of Work: Type of Work: ❑Addition /� UAlteration ((�� ONew (" ❑Repair/Replace Demolition Description of Work: R eI CC-NT �C ° l s e e_ ek.)A16 q e3A. e vr c% CS 4\- rf • J oP 1. rot [ (C CNN- -e4,,e ('a i 5 c.P Color thru tile: ******** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** Fees***** r******* * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * *** * *x * * * * * * * * ** Submittal Fee $ Permit Fee $ F CCF $ CO /CC $ Scanning Fee $ Radon Fee $ DBPR $ Bond $ Notary $ Training/Education Fee $ Technology Fee $ Double Fee $ Structural Review $ TOTAL FEE NOW DUE $ Bonding Company's Name (if applicable) Bonding Company's Address City State Zip Mortgage Lender's Name (if applicable) Mortgage Lender's Address City State Zip Application is hereby made to obtain a permit to do the work and installations as indicated. I certify that no work or installation has commenced prior to the issuance of a permit and that all work will be performed to meet the standards of all laws regulating construction in this jurisdiction. I understand that a separate permit must be secured for ELECTRICAL WORK, PLUMBING, SIGNS, WELLS, POOLS, FURNACES, BOILERS, HEATERS, TANKS and AIR CONDITIONERS, ETC OWNER'S AFFIDAVIT: I certify that all the foregoing information is accurate and that all work will be done in compliance with all applicable laws regulating construction and zoning. "WARNING TO OWNER: YOUR FAILURE TO RECORD A NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT MAY RESULT IN YOUR PAYING TWICE FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO YOUR PROPERTY. IF YOU INTEND TO OBTAIN FINANCING, CONSULT WITH YOUR LENDER OR AN ATTORNEY BEFORE RECORDING YOUR NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT." Notice to Applicant: As a condition to the issuance of a building permit with an estimated value exceeding $24,00, the applicant must promise in good faith that a copy of the notice of commencement and construction lien law brochure will be Velivered to the person whose property is subject to attachment. Also, a certified copy of the recorded notice of commencement'must be posted at the job site for the first inspection which occurs seven (7) days after the building permit is issued. In the absence of such posted notice, the inspection will not be approved and a reinspection fee will be charged. Signature Owner or Agent The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this The forego g instrument was ackno edged bef me thi day of ,20,by , day of Signature efau,L v._ Contractor who is personally known to me or who has produced who is ona own me or who has produced As identification and who did take an oath. as identification and who did take an oath. NOTARY PUBLIC: NOTARY PUBLIC:.. • Sign: Sign Print: Print: My Commis My Commission Expires: APPROVED BY 06 Plans Examiner I,1 41-01, '- — ,aa ',; • - yr otary Public - State of FIo201 J ,p° _.My Comm. x• Commission # EE 128810 Bonded Through National Notary Assn. Zoning Structural Review Clerk (Revised 5 /2 /2012XRevised 3/12/2012) )(Revised 06 /10 /2009)(Revised 3 /15 /09XRevised 7/10/2007) Date: January 25, 2013 Miami Shores Village Building Department 10050 N.E. 2nd Avenue Miami Shores, Florida 33138 E.. LEG # AR 0011074 Re: Permit # CC 11 -2060 Doctor Keisch Office Renovation 9165 Park Drive Miami Shores, Florida 33138 Folio # 11- 3206 - 014 -1350 Attn: Building Department, I, Mark A. Campbell, having performed an inaction at the job site for the generator. This letter will hereby attest that I have approved the installation of (2) 3' -0" wide x 42" high railings on both side of the generator on the roof for protect during servicing. The generator needs to be raised to a min of 18" above the roof to the under side of the structure holding the generator. See the attached drawings. Should you have any questions or need any additional information please do not hesitate . to contact me. Mark A. Campbell, Architect State of Florida: #0011074 9165 generator railing letter 1 -25 -13 SUBJECT 10CC N,IPI EVvlc -I ALL FE_E;R TYP. LOWER FLAT ROOF 0" 13' -10" »/ » ,41, 3' �. 10\ 6" ® 10� 0 GENERATOR -- '1 �L -- - -- �" UPPERI E�AI I FLAT G1 NERATOR RO0� +18" TO `EDGE TILE ROOF 0 PARTIAL ROOF PLAN SCALE: N.T.S. DR. KEISCH OFFICE 9165 PARK DR. MIAMI SHORES, FLORIDA GAS LINE I 3 MARK A. CAMP$ELL ARCHITECT 11074 373 N.E. 92ND STREET MIAMI SHORES, FL 33138 305 754 -2318 0 305 757 -6198 f 3' -0" i GEN 8' -5" ERATOR 3' -0" Ai GENERATOR RAILING SCALE: N.T.S. DR. KEISCH OFFICE 9165 PARK DR. MIAMI SHORES, FLORIDA MARK A. CAMPBELL ARCHITECT 11074 ED373 N.E. 92ND STREET . MIAMI SHORES, FL 33138 305 754 -2318 o 305 757-6198 f NEW PITCH PAN 1 1/2" SCHD. 40 AT EACH NEW POST (1 1/2" I.D. 1.99" O.D.) •o .• CONC. ROOF s e 0 3 1/2" FIELD DRILL HOLE 1" LARGER THAN POST. FILL HOLE WITH NON- SHRINK /NON = METALIC GROUT AFTER SETTING POST (TYP) POST ATTACHMENT TO FLOOR N.T.S. DR. KEISCH OFFICE 9165 PARK DR. MIAMI SHORES, FLORIDA MARK A. CAMPBELL ARCHITECT 11074 373 N.E. 92ND STREET MIAMI SHORES, FL 33138 305 754 -2318 0 305 757 -8198 f Miami Shores Village Building Department 10050 N.E.2nd Avenue, Miami Shores, Florida 33138 Tel: (305) 795.2204 Fax: (305) 756.8972 INSPECTION'S PHONE NUMBER: (305) 762.4949 BUILDING PERMIT APPLICATION Permit Type: BUILDING JOB ADDRESS: 9165 Park Drive Generator Permit No. CO 121411 Master Permit No. City: Miami Shores County: Miami Dade zip: 32138 Folio/Parcel #: Is the Building Historically Designated: Yes NO Flood Zone: OWNER: Name (Fee Simple Titleholder): Devinella, LLC Phone #: 305 - 785 -8990 Address: 6644 Windsor Lane City: Miami Beach State: Florida zip: 33141 Tenant/Lessee Name: Phone #: Email: Vbalabous @bellsouth.net CONTRACTOR: Company Name: Ken Constantino Builders, Inc. Phone #: 321 - 725 -2837 Address: 221 W. Hibiscus Blvd., # 128 City: Melbourne Qualifier Name: Kenneth L. Constantino State: Florida Zip: 32901 Phone #: 321 - 725 -2837 State Certification or Registration #: CBCA19897 Certificate of Competency #: Contact Phone #: 321- 725 -2837 Email Address: Jlowman @kcbin.com or Sylvia @kcbin.com DESIGNER: Architect/Engineer: Phone #: Value of Work for this Permit: $ $2,000.00 Square/Linear Footage of Work: Type of Work: ❑Addition DAlteration „// ONew ORepair/Replace ODemolition Description of Work: Install Generator /7'4C402..e.” Color thru tile: ************* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ***•x******* pees **:x**:x**** ** **** x***** ** ******** ************ Submittal Fee $ Permit Fee $ �t 7 2 CCF $ CO /CC $ Scanning Fee $ Radon Fee $ DBPR $ Bond $ Notary $ Training/Education Fee $ Technology Fee $ Double Fee $ Structural Review $ TOTAL FEE NOW DUE $ 110 'LC Bonding Company's Name (if applicable) Bonding Company's Address City State Zip Mortgage Lender's Name (if applicable) Mortgage Lender's Address City State Zip Application is hereby made to obtain a permit to do the work and installations as indicated. I certify that no work or installation has commenced prior to the issuance of a permit and that all work will be performed to meet the standards of all laws regulating construction in this jurisdiction. I understand that a separate permit must be secured for ELECTRICAL WORK, PLUMBING, SIGNS, WELLS, POOLS, FURNACES, BOILERS, HEATERS, TANKS and AIR CONDmONERS, ETC OWNER'S AFFIDAVIT: I certify that all the foregoing information is accurate and that all work will be done in compliance with all applicable laws regulating construction and zoning. "WARNING TO OWNER: YOUR FAILURE TO RECORD A NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT MAY RESULT IN YOUR PAYING TWICE FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO YOUR PROPERTY. IF YOU INTEND TO OBTAIN FINANCING, CONSULT WITH YOUR LENDER OR AN ATTORNEY BEFORE RECORDING YOUR NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT." Notice to Applicant: As a condition to the issuance of a building permit with an estimated value exceeding $2500, the applicant must promise in good faith that a copy of the notice of commencement and construction lien law brochure will be delivered to the person whose property is subject to attachment. Also, a certified copy of the recorded notice of commencement must be posted at the job site for the first inspection which occurs seven (7) days after the building permit is issued. In the absence of such posted notice, the inspection will not be approved and a reinspection fee will be charged. Owner or Agent The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this day of , 20 i _ , by Wail V.. tG t✓i c L who is personally known to me or who has produced at L_ 4 Katm61,► 61• V As identification and who did take an oath. NOTARY PUBLIC: Sign: Print: My Co APPROVED BY Contractor ) (J,/� The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this2/ `1 , 20 IL. by je' tt OD61- ly known to me or who has produced 5) a. ). i& as identification and who did take an oath. Y PUBLIC: day of who is person Plans Examiner Structural Review (Revised 3 /12/2012)(Revised 07 /10 /07)(Revised 06/10 /2009)(Revised 3/15/09) NOT Sign: Print: My Co 46„ ,,,_______„/' 4 _.,..,_,---‘4"" Ii..a.,AL.. .....41-Arra l stony Notary Public State of Florida My Commission EE027516 1r lipires 10/15/2014 fr Zoning Clerk n s At J OCA.4TON. ; SECTION 6 TWP. 53 S. RGE 42 E. / SCALE: 1'=10O N.E. f /92nd 191.08' SJREET re) 136.54' -"\ TRACT C 3O' 1`0, ;Ft. to v C,MPI LANCE WI fHALL FEDERAL r?L LES AN AINER AIPSIVAItr r~ovic � ..._.,,,. .,... .4- _: / a. 4 a LL gel MUM c0Nc = C.8. = CLR = FD. LP. = LB = b = M.H. = O. PL = SWK = ffi ENE BARN CLEAR FOUND ,. SOUTHWESTERLY 1/2 LOT 24, LOT 25,LOT 26, AND THE NORTHEASTERLY 1/2 LOT 27, BLOCK 59, UAW SHORES, SECTION 2*, ACCORDING TO THE PLAT THEREOF, AS RECORDED IN PLAT BOOK 10 AT PAID 37 OF THE PUBLIC RECORDS OF MIAMI DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA. ELEVATION IRON LAND SURVEYOR CONET_E___LIGHT POLE NAIL OR WiNHOLE OVEREAD EI.EC. PROPERTY UNE R REGISTERED LAND SURVEYOR No. DEWALX WATER MEEIER zweralsa sanuacaN: WE HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS SKETCH OF SURVEY IS TRUE AND CORRECT TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF AS RECENTLY SURVEYED AND PLATTED UNDER MY DIRECTION AND THAT THIS SURVEY COMPLIES WITH THE MINIMUM TECHNICAL STANDMDS FOR LAND SURVEYING IN THE STATE OF FLORIDA, UNDER CHAPrE,R 61017 -6 FLORIDA ADMINISTRA1WE CODE, CHAPTER 472.027 FLORIDA STATUTES. NOT VAUD WITHOUT THE SIGNATURE AND RAISED SEAL OF THE REGISTERED LAND SURVEYOR SHOWN HEREON. THERE ARE NO ENCROACHMENTS UNLESS SHOWN HEREON. A.R. TOUSSAINT & ASSOCIATES, INC. H SALE: 0 10' 20' 40' 60' SCALE: 1 INCH = 20 I-tkU ORDER:14660A, SCHEFFLERA REVISED: JAN.13,2012, (UMBRELLA)10 SiOW AREA PARK DRIVE 20si FEC /419) NE 6th AVE 20' HT. ON =nom MAP 1$' SPR. ORDER 14738, RUM FEB. 07.2012, TO SHOW TREES DATE: MARCH 11, 2009 BYE' K 1 PRES. R. TAINT REGISTERED ENGINEER NO. 8959 REGISTERED LAND SURVEYOR NO. 907 STATE OF FLORIDA FLORIDA CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION L8 -273 9165 PARK DRIVE MIAMI SHORES MIAMI -DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA DRAWN BY: WT 50 kW General Spec fications • • • Toll Free: 1- 800 - 541 -7677 Fax: 305 - 634 -1461 Fm� gensets@mtspowerproducts.com 68db @ 23Feet General Motor Engine Mode1:5.0 Recommended for all types of residential and commercial applications Rugged enough for continuous applications Standard auto /remote start module, Full Digital Full engine safety shutdowns Muffler, Vibration Isolators Installed Battery, battery rack, cables & Charger Full set of manuals (Engine & Generator) Sound Attenuated Aluminum Enclosure Standard Heavy Duty Aluminum Skid Unit Should Be Secured by 4 ea. 1/2" Anchors. En ui e Specs • Engine: General Motor 8 Cylinder 5.0 • Type: 4 Cycle water cooled • Naturally Aspirated EPA Certified • 1800 RPM • Electronic Engine Governor • Woodward Natural Gas Carburetor • 12Volts DC Starter and Battery Charging Alternator • Heavy Duty Dry Type Air Cleaner • Tropicalized Radiator Mounted on Unit • Propane Gas Regulator Generator Specs • Generator: MARATHON • Generator Normally Built 3 Phase 208/120v 60 Hz Flexible disc coupling • Self- exciting & self regulating • Drip proof alternator • Class 'H' Insulation • Voltage regulation 1.5 • 175 Amp Main Breaker Mounted on Unit Length: 108 in; Width: 36in; Height: 60in; Weight: 1850 lbs. Specific En ine Application Da a 0 a ti Engine Specifications Manufacturer Engine Model # Engine Type Induction System Displacement, L (in3) EPA Emissions Certification HP at Rated Speed BHP (kWm) NG HP at Rated Speed BHP (kWm) Propane Rated RPM Bore and Stroke in (mm) Compression Ratio Air Filter Type Governor Type / Model Governor Manufacturer Freq Reg NL to FL Freq Reg Steady State Engine Lubrication System Oil Pan Capacity gal(L) Oil Capacity w /Filter gal (L) Oil Filter Quantity Oil Filter Type Recommended Oil Oil Press psi(kPa) Engine Cooling System Genset Max Ambient Temp °F ( °C) Engine Coolant Cap qt(L) Engine + Radiator System Cap qt(L) Water Pump Type Coolant Flow gpm(Lpm) Heat Rejected to Cooling Water @ Rated kW; Btu /min(kW) Max Restriction of Cooling Air in H2O (kPa) Engine Exhaust System Exhaust Manifold Type Exhaust Flow @ Rated kW cfm (cmm) Exhaust Temp (dry manifold) °F ( °C) Min Back Pressure in H2O (kPa) Max Back Pressure in H2O (kPa) Exhaust Outlet Diameter in (mm) Exhaust Outlet Type Exhaust Catalyst General Motors 5.0L 4 Cycle, 8 Cylinder Naturally Aspirated 5 (305) 40 CFR Part 60/90 83.4 (62.2) 88.3 (65.8) 1800 4.00x3.48 (94.9x88.4) 9.05:1 Dry Electronic EControls lsochronous +/ -0.5 1.3 (4.7) 1.6 (6.2) 1 Cartridge 15W -40 43 (296) 122 (50) 7.2 (6.8) 21.2 (20.1) Centrifugal 31 (117.3) 2930 (51.5) 0.5 (0.124) Dry 550 (15.6) 1100 (593.3) 0 (0) 40.8 (10.2) 3 (76.2) O.D. Tube None Required Engine Electrical System Charging Alternator Volts dc Charging Alternator Amps Grounding Polarity Starter Motor Volts dc Battery Recommendations Battery Volts dc Min Cold Cranking Amps Quantity Required Ventilation Requirements Cooling Airflow, scfm (cmm) Combustion Airflow, cfm (cmm) Heat Rejected to Ambient From Engine, Btu /min (kW) From Alternator, Btu /min (kW) Recommended Free Area Intake Louver Size, ft2 (m2) Engine Fuel System Recommended Fuel Natural Gas min HHV (Btu /ft3) Propane Vapor min HHV (Btu /ft3) Fuel Supply Pressure in -H2O (kPa) Fuel Line At Engine Supply Line, npt NG Fuel Consumption - Standby 100% Load cfph (m3ph) 75% Load cfph (m3ph) 50% Load cfph (m3ph) 25% Load cfph (m3ph) Propane Fuel Consumption 100% Load cfph (m3ph) 75% Load cfph (m3ph) 50% Load cfph (m3ph) 25% Load cfph (m3ph) 12 70 Negative 12 12 750 1 6000 (170) 175 (5.0) 1678 (29.5) 370 (6.5) 13.0 (1.21) 1015 2650 7 -11 (1.7 -2.7) 1 -1/4 Rating 744 (21.1) 631 (17.9) 483 (13.7) 333 (9.4) - Standby Rating 295 (8.4) 230 (6.5) 178 (5.0) 129 (3.7) Engine Output Deratings - Standby Rated Temp Rated Altitude Max Altitude Temperature Derate Altitude Derate Toll Free: 1- 800 - 541 -7677 Fax: 305 - 634 -1461 www.mtspowerproducts.com 77 °F 325 ft 10,000 ft -1% / 8 °F -3% / 1000ft GENERATING SET INSTALLATION MANUAL MTS Power Products 4501 NW 27 Ave Miami, Florida 33142 FOREWORD This installation manual will guide you to the factors to be considered in the installation of your Standby generator system. It discusses location and mounting of the generating set; size of room; ventilation and air flow; engine cooling water supply or radiator location; exhaust outlet; fuel supply. By following the suggestions in this installation manual, you will be able to plan an economical, efficient generating set installation with operating characteristics suitable to each particular application. You can make you work easier by enlisting the aid of an MTS Power Distributor when planning your generating set installation. Getting his advice early may save cost and avoid problems. He knows engines, electrical equipment, local laws and insurance regulations. With his help, you can be sure your generating set installation will fulfil your needs without unnecessary cost. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INSTALLATION FACTORS 1 2. MOVING THE GENERATING SET 1 3. GENERATING SET LOCATION 1 4. GENERATING SET MOUNTING 2 5. VENTILATION 3 6. ENGINE EXHAUST 6 7. EXHAUST SILENCING 9 8. SOUND ATTENUATION 10 9. ENGINE COOLING 10 10. FUEL SUPPLY 13 11. SELECTING FUELS FOR STANDBY DEPENDABILITY 18 12. TABLES AND FORMULAS FOR ENGINEERING STANDBY 19 GENERATING SETS: Table 1 Length Equivalents 19 Table 2 Area Equivalents 19 Table 3 Mass Equivalents 19 Table 4 Volume and Capacity Equivalents 20 Table 5 Conversions for Units of Speed 20 Table 6 Conversions of Units of Power 20 Table 7 Conversions for Measurements of Water 21 Table 8 Barometric Pressures and Boiling Points of Water at Various Altitudes 21 Table 9 Conversions of Units of Flow 22 Table 10 Conversions of Units of Pressure and Head 22 Table 11 Approximate Weights of Various Liquids 22 Table 12 Electrical Formulae 23 Table 13 kVA/kW Amperage at Various Voltages 24 Conversions of Centigrade and Fahrenheit 25 Fuel Consumption Formulas 25 Electrical Motor Horsepower 25 Piston Travel 25 Break Mean Effective Pressure 25 13. GLOSSARY OF TERMS 26 1. INSTALLATION FACTORS Once the size of the generating set and the required associated control panel and switchgear have been established, plans for installation can be prepared. Proper attention to mechanical and electrical engineering details will assure a satisfactory power system installation. Factors to be considered in the installation of a generator are: Access and maintenance location. Floor loading. Vibration transmitted to building and equipment. Ventilation of room. Engine exhaust piping and insulation. Noise reduction. Method of engine cooling. Size and location of fuel tank. Local, national or insurance regulations. Smoke and emissions requirements. 2. MOVING THE GENERATING SET The generating set baseframe is specifically designed for ease of moving the set. Improper handling can seriously damage the generator and components. Using a forklift,the generating set can be lifted or pushed /pulled by the baseframe. An optional "Oil Field Skid" provides fork lift pockets if the set will be regularly moved. Never lift the generating set by attaching to the engine or alternator lifting lugs! For lifting the generating set, lift points are provided on the baseframe. Shackles and chains of suitable length and lifting capacity must be used and a spreader bar is required to prevent damaging the set. See figure 2.1. An optional "single point lifting bale" is available if the generating set will be regularly moved by lifting. 3. GENERATING SET LOCATION The set may be located in the basement or on another floor of the building, on a balcony, in a penthouse on the roof or even in a separate building. Usually it is located in the basement for economics and for convenience of operating personnel. The generator room should be large enough to provide adequate air circulation and plenty of working space around the engine and alternator. If it is necessary to locate the generating set outside the building, it can be furnished enclosed in a housing and mounted on a skid or trailer. This type of assembly is also useful, whether located inside or outside the building, if the installation is temporary. For outside installation the housing is normally "weatherproof'. This is necessary to prevent water from entering the alternator compartment if the generating set is to be exposed to rain accompanied by high winds. FIG 2.1. PROPER LIFTING ARRANGEMENT 1 4. GENERATING SET MOUNTING The generating set will be shipped assembled on a rigid base that precisely aligns the alternator and engine and needs merely to be set in place (on vibration isolation pads for larger sets) and levelled. See figure 4.1 4.1 Vibration Isolation It is recommended that the generating set be mounted on vibration isolation pads to prevent the set from receiving or transmitting injurious or objectionable vibrations. Rubber isolation pads are used when small amounts of vibration transmission is acceptable. Steel springs in combination with rubber pads are used to combat both light and heavy vibrations. On smaller generating sets, these isolation pads should be located between the coupled engine /alternator feet and the baseframe. The baseframe is then securely attached to the floor. On larger sets the coupled engine /alternator should be rigidly connected to the baseframe with vibration isolation between the baseframe and floor. Other effects of engine vibration can be minimised by providing flexible connections between the engine and fuel lines, exhaust system, radiator air discharge duct, conduit for control and power cables and other externally connected support systems. 4.2 Floor Loading Floor loading depends on the total generating set weight (including fuel and water) and the number and size of isolator pads. With the baseframe mounted directly on the floor, the floor loading is: Total Generating Set Weight Floor Loading — Area of Skids With vibration isolation between the baseframe and the floor, if the load is equally distributed over all isolators, the floor loading is: Total Generating Set Weight Floor Loading Pad Area x Number of Pads Thus, floor loading can be reduced by increasing the number of isolation pads. If load is not equally distributed, the maximum floor pressure occurs under the pad supporting the greatest proportion of load (assuming all pads are the same size): Max Floor Pressure- Load on Heaviest Loaded Pa Pad Area 1 LLXIUI J 3LI LN{UL r.11 ^7 .^. ^NN =0710\ FLEXIELE EX -AU=- V•RAT CO, IS: it AT ^.RE FIG 4.1 REDUCING VIBRATION TRANSMISSION 2 5. VENTILATION Any internal combustion engine requires a liberal supply of cool, clean air for combustion. If the air entering the engine intake is too warm or too thin, the engine may not produce its rated power. Operation of the engine and alternator radiates heat into the room and raises the temperature of the room air. Therefore, ventilation of the generator room is necessary to limit room temperature rise and to make clean, cool intake air available to the engine. When the engine is cooled by a set mounted radiator, the radiator fan must move large quantities of air through the radiator core. There must be enough temperature difference between the air and the water in the radiator to cool the water sufficiently before it re- circulates through the engine. The air temperature at the radiator inlet depends on the temperature rise of air flowing through the room from the room inlet ventilator. By drawing air into the room and expelling it outdoors through a discharge duct, the radiator fan helps to maintain room temperature in the desirable range. RA -IATOR AIR 17143C In providing ventilation, the objective is to maintain the room air at a comfortable temperature that is cool enough for efficient operation and full available power, but it should not be so cold in winter that the room is uncomfortable or engine starting is difficult. Though providing adequate ventilation seldom poses serious problems, each installation should be analysed by both the distributor and the customer to make sure the ventilation provisions are satisfactory. 5.1 Circulation Good ventilation requires adequate flow into and out of the room and free circulation within the room. Thus, the room should be of sufficient size to allow free circulation of air, so that temperatures are equalised and there are no pockets of stagnant air. See figure 5.1. The generating set should be located so that the engine intake draws air from the cooler part of the room. If there are two or more generating sets, avoid locating them so that air heated by the radiator of one set flows toward the engine intake or radiator fan of an adjacent set. See figure 5.2. 2AI CHY CARI EXHAL ST VERIIO/00/V// /,G/. /A PANEL DOCR SVNC . %/ //,/ // // // //l/ //// // // / /,GO /A AIR IN_ET VE \TI_ATCrc DOOR 1 INS— RUMCNTATION I HAN$t±H 5YN I C:N AND AUTOMATIC crN -RfI =ANF FIG 5.1 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR ADEQUATE AIR CIRCULATION AND VENTILATION 3 5.2 Ventilators To bring in fresh air, there should be an inlet ventilator opening to the outside or at least an opening to another part of the building through which the required amount of air can enter. In smaller rooms, ducting may be used to bring air to the room or directly to the engine's air intake. In addition, an exit ventilator opening should be located on the opposite outside wall to exhaust warm air. See Figure 5.3. Both the inlet and exit ventilators should have louvres for weather protection. These may be fixed but preferably should be movable in cold climates. For automatic starting generating sets, if the louvres are movable, they should be automatically operated and should be programmed to open immediately upon starting the engine. RN: /i oR AIR f. , ^HARS?= AIFShLOV =QUAL O N(; NLS OPIIONAL NLL NR NI �T VLN I LAIC'? OPTI ^MI IV1 rT FIG 5.2 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR PROPER VENTILATION WITH MULTIPLE GENERATING SETS 5.3 Inlet Ventilator Size Before calculating the inlet ventilator size, it is necessary to take into account the radiator cooling air flow requirements and the fan static pressure available when the generating set is operating at its rated load. In standard room installations, the radiated heat is already taken into account in the radiator air flow. For generator room installation with remote radiators, the room cooling airflow is calculated using the total heat radiation to the ambient air of the engine and alternator and any part of the exhaust system. Engine and alternator cooling air requirements for MTS Power generating sets when operating at rated power are shown on specification sheets. Exhaust system radiation depends on the length of pipe within the room, the type of insulation used and whether the silencer is located within the room or outside. It it usual to insulate the exhaust piping and silencer so that heat radiation from this source may be neglected in calculating air flow required for room cooling. After determining the required air flow into the room, calculate the size of inlet ventilator opening to be installed in the outside wall. The inlet ventilator must be large enough so that the negative flow restriction will not exceed a maximum of 10 mm (0.4 in) H20. Restriction values of air filters, screens and louvres should be obtained from manufacturers of these items. 5.4 Exit Ventilator Size Where the engine and room are cooled by a set mounted radiator, the exit ventilator must be large enough to exhaust all of the air flowing through the room, except the relatively small amount that enters the engine intake. AIR EXIT VENTILATOR FIG 5.3 INLET AND EXIT VENTILATORS 5 6. ENGINE EXHAUST Engine exhaust must be directed to the outside through a properly designed exhaust system that does not create excessive back pressure on the engine. A suitable exhaust silencer should be connected into the exhaust piping. Exhaust system components located within the engine room should be insulated to reduce heat radiation. The outer end of the pipe should be equipped with a rain cap or cut at 60° to the horizontal to prevent rain or snow from entering the exhaust system. If the building is equipped with a smoke detection system, the exhaust outlet should be positioned so it cannot set off the smoke detection alarm. 6.1 Exhaust Piping For both installation economy and operating efficiency, engine location should make the exhaust piping as short as possible with minimum bends and restrictions. Usually the exhaust pipe extends through an outside wall of the building and continues up the outside of the wall to the roof. There should be a sleeve in the wall opening to absorb vibration and an expansion joint in the pipe to compensate for lengthways thermal expansion or contraction. See figure 6.1. WALL SLEEVE AND EXPANSION JOINT RAIN CAP It is not normally recommended that the engine exhaust share a flue with a furnace or other equipment since there is danger that back pressure caused by one will adversely affect operation of the others. Such multiple use of a flue should be attempted only if it is not detrimental to performance of the engine or any other equipment sharing the common flue. The exhaust can be directed into a special stack that also serves as the outlet for radiator discharge air and may be sound - insulated. The radiator discharge air enters below the exhaust gas inlet so that the rising radiator air mixes with the exhaust gas. See figures 6.2 and 6.3. The silencer may be located within the stack or in the room with its tail pipe extending through the stack and then outward. Air guide vanes should be installed in the stack to turn radiator discharge air flow upward and to reduce radiator fan air flow restriction, or the sound insulation lining may have a curved contour to direct air flow upward. For a generating set enclosed in a penthouse on the roof or in a separate outdoor enclosure or trailer, the exhaust and radiator discharges can flow together above the enclosure without a stack. Sometimes for this purpose the radiator is mounted horizontally and the fan is driven by an electric motor to discharge air vertically. 00 J L 1 I'I Igo■ ■ FIG 6.1 TYPICAL EXHAUST SYSTEM INSTALLATION 6 6.2 Exhaust Pipe Flexible Section A flexible connection between the manifold and the exhaust piping system should be used to prevent transmitting engine vibration to the piping and the building, and to isolate the engine and piping from forces due to thermal expansion, motion or weight of piping. A well designed flex section will permit operation with ± 13 mm (0.5 in) permanent displacement in any direction of either end of the section without damage. Not only must the section have the flexibility to compensate for a nominal amount of permanent mismatch between piping and manifold, but it must also yield readily to intermittent motion of the Generating Set on its vibration isolators in response to load changes. The flexible connector should be specified with the Generating Set. 6.3 Exhaust Pipe Insulation No exposed parts of the exhaust system should be near wood or other inflammable material. Exhaust piping inside the building (and the silencer if mounted inside) should be covered with suitable insulation materials to protect personnel and to reduce room temperature. A sufficient layer of suitable insulating material surrounding the piping it rr it AND rXPANSION JOIN- OPTI nNA1 SOUND REDUCING MATERIAL �a1. OPTIONAL COVER EXI -AUST S LENCER AIR rl.lnr vANrs Accrss )Don FIG 6.2 HORIZONTALLY MOUNTED EXHAUST SILENCER WITH EXHAUST PIPE AND RADIATOR AIR UTILISING COMMON STACK 7 and silencer and retained by a stainless steel or aluminium sheath may substantially reduce heat radiation to the room from the exhaust system. An additional benefit of the insulation is that it provides sound attenuation to reduce noise in the room. 6.4 Minimising Exhaust Flow Restriction Free flow of exhaust gases through the pipe is essential to minimise exhaust back pressure. Excessive exhaust back pressure seriously affects engine horsepower output, durability and fuel consumption. Restricting the discharge of gases from the cylinder causes poor combustion and higher operating temperatures. The major design factors that may cause high back pressure are: • Exhaust pipe diameter too small • Exhaust pipe too long • Too many sharp bends in exhaust system • Exhaust silencer restriction too high • At certain critical lengths, standing pressure waves may cause high back pressure SOU VLi KEUL:: NG MATERIAL TIONAL COVER EXHAUS+ SI_EVCER AIR GUIDE VANES AIR IN LL LOL.VRES ACCESS Li001i FIG 6.3 RADIATOR AIR DISCHARGING INTO SOUND- INSULATED STACK CONTAINING EXHAUST SILENCER Excessive restriction in the exhaust system can be avoided by proper design and construction. To make sure you will avoid problems related to excessive restriction, ask The MTS Power distributor to review your design. The effect of pipe diameter, length and the restriction of any bends in the system can be calculated to make sure your exhaust system is adequate without excessive back pressure. The longer the pipe, and the more bends it contains, the larger the diameter required to avoid excessive flow restriction and back pressure. The back pressure should be calculated during the installation stage to make certain it will be within the recommended limits for the engine. Measure the exhaust pipe length from your installation layout. See figure 6.4. Take exhaust flow data and back pressure limits from the generating set engine specification sheet. Allowing for restrictions of the exhaust silencer and any elbows in the pipe, calculate the minimum pipe diameter so that the total system restriction will not exceed the recommended exhaust back pressure limit. Allowance should be made for deterioration and scale accumulation that may increase restriction over a period of time. Elbow restriction is most conveniently handled by calculating an equivalent length of straight pipe for each elbow and adding it to the total length of pipe. For elbows and flexible sections, the equivalent length of straight pipe is calculated as follows: 45° Elbow: Length (ft) = 0.75 x Diameter (inches) 90° Elbow: Length (ft) = 1.33 x Diameter (inches) ENGINE EXHAUST VIAN IFC_7 LLNCbI Flexible Sections: Length (ft): 0.167 x Diameter (inches) The following formula is used to calculate the back pressure of an exhaust system: CLRQ 2 P D5 D where: P = back pressure in inches of mercury C = .00059 for engine combustion airflow of 100 to 400 cfm = .00056 for engine combustion airflow of 400 to 700 am = .00049 for engine combustion airflow of 700 to 2000 cfm = .00044 for engine combustion airflow of 2000 to 5400 cfm L = length of exhaust pipe in feet R = exhaust density in pounds per cubic foot R— 41.1 Exhaust temperature °F * + 460° F Q = exhaust gas flow in cubic feet per minute* D = inside diameter of exhaust pipe in inches * Available from engine specification sheet These formulae assume that the exhaust pipe is clean commercial steel or wrought iron. The back pressure is dependent on the surface finish of the piping and an increase in the pipe roughness will increase the back pressure. The constant 41.1 is based on the weight of combustion air and fuel burned at rated load and SAE conditions. See engine specification sheet for exhaust gas temperature and air flow. Conversion tables to other units are provided in Section 12. T .t -LCXI3_= SCCTION tXHAUS I ill. Lt I FIG 6.4 MEASURING EXHAUST PIPE LENGTH TO DETERMINE EXHAUST BACK PRESSURE 8 7. EXHAUST SILENCING Excessive noise is objectionable in most locations. Since a large part of the generating set noise is produced in the engine's pulsating exhaust, this noise can be reduced to an acceptable level by using an exhaust silencer. The required degree of silencing depends on the location and may be regulated by law. For example, the noise of an engine is objectionable in a hospital area but generally is not as objectionable in an isolated pumping station. 7.1 Exhaust Silencer Selection The silencer reduces noise in the exhaust system by dissipating energy in chambers and baffle tubes and by eliminating wave reflection that causes resonance. The silencer is selected according to the degree of attenuation required by the site conditions and regulations. The size of silencer and exhaust piping should hold exhaust back pressure within limits recommended by the engine manufacturer. Silencers are rated according to their degree of silencing by such terms as "low degree" or "industrial ", "moderate" or "residential" and "high degree" or "critical ". • Low - Degree or Industrial Silencing - Suitable for industrial areas where background noise level is relatively high or for remote areas where partly muffled noise is permissible. • Moderate - Degree or Residential Silencing - Reduces exhaust noise to an acceptable level in localities where moderately effective silencing is required - such as semi - residential areas where a moderate background noise is always present. • High - Degree or Critical Silencing - Provides maximum silencing for residential, hospital, school, hotel, store, apartment building and other areas where background noise level is low and generating set noise must be kept to a minimum. 9 Silencers normally are available in two configurations - (a) end inlet, end outlet, or (b) side inlet, end outlet. Having the choice of these two configurations provides flexibility of installation, such as horizontal or vertical, above engine, on outside wall, etc. The side -inlet type permits 90° change of direction without using an elbow. Both silencer configurations should contain drain fittings in locations that assure draining the silencer in whatever attitude it is installed. The silencer may be located close to the engine, with exhaust piping leading from the silencer to the outside; or it may be located outdoors on the wall or roof. Locating the silencer close to the engine affords best overall noise attenuation because of minimum piping to the silencer. Servicing and draining of the silencer is likely to be more convenient with the silencer indoors. However, mounting the silencer outside has the advantage that the silencer need not be insulated (though it should be surrounded by a protective screen). The job of insulating piping within the room is simpler when the silencer is outside, and the insulation then can aid noise attenuation. Since silencers are large and heavy, consider their dimensions and weight when you are planning the exhaust system. The silencer must be adequately supported so its weight is not applied to the engine's exhaust manifold or turbocharger. The silencer must fit into the space available without requiring extra bends in the exhaust piping, which would cause high exhaust back pressure. A side - inlet silencer may be installed horizontally above the engine without requiring a great amount of headroom. Silencers or exhaust piping within reach of personnel should be protected by guards or insulation. Indoors, it is preferable to insulate the silencer and piping because the insulation not only protects personnel, but it reduces heat radiation to the room and further reduces exhaust system noise. Silencers mounted horizontally should be set at a slight angle away from the engine outlet with a drain fitting at the lowest point to allow the disposal of any accumulated moisture. 8. SOUND ATTENUATION If noise level must be limited, it should be specified in terms of a sound pressure level at a given distance from the generator enclosure. Then the enclosure must be designed to attenuate the noise generated inside the enclosure to produce the required level outside. Don't attempt to make this noise level unnecessarily low, because the means of achieving it may be costly. Use of resilient mounts for the generating set plus normal techniques for controlling exhaust, intake and radiator fan noise should reduce generating set noise to an acceptable level for many installations. If the remaining noise level is still too high, acoustic treatment of either the room or the generating set is necessary. Sound barriers can be erected around the generating set, or the walls of the generator room can be sound insulated, or the generating set can be enclosed in a specially developed sound insulated enclosure. See figure 8.1. In most cases it is necessary that the air intake and air discharge openings will have to be fitted with sound attenuators. If it is desired to protect operating personnel from direct exposure to generating set noise, the instruments and control station may be located in a separate sound - insulated control room. 9. ENGINE COOLING Some diesel engines are air cooled but the majority are cooled by circulating a liquid coolant through the oil cooler if one is fitted and through passages in the engine block and head. Hot coolant emerging from the engine is cooled and recirculated through AIR OUTLET ATTENLATOR • the engine. Cooling devices are commonly coolant - to -air (radiator) or coolant -to -raw water (heat exchanger) types. In the most common generating set installation, the engine coolant is cooled in a set - mounted radiator with air blown through the radiator core by an engine driven fan. Some installations use a remotely mounted radiator, cooled by an electric motor - driven fan. Where there is a continuously available supply of clean, cool raw water, a heat exchanger may be used instead of a radiator; the engine coolant circulates through the heat exchanger and is cooled by the raw water supply. An important advantage of a radiator cooling system is that it is self - contained. If a storm or accident disrupted the utility power source, it might also disrupt the water supply and disable any generating set whose supply of raw water depended upon a utility. Whether the radiator is mounted on the generating set or mounted remotely, accessibility for servicing the cooling system is important. For proper maintenance, the radiator fill cap, the cooling system drain cocks, the fan belt tension adjustment must all be accessible to the operator. 9.1 Set Mounted Radiator A set - mounted radiator is mounted on the generating set base in front of the engine. See figure 9.1. An engine- driven fan blows air through the radiator core, cooling the liquid engine coolant flowing through the radiator. FIG 8.1 TYPICAL SOUND ATTENUATED INSTALLATION 10 IiAUTAI 011 DISCHARGE FLEXIBLE DUCT FIG 9.1 SET MOUNTED RADIATOR DISCHARGING THROUGH OUTSIDE WALL Set mounted radiators are of two types. One type is used with the cooling fan mounted on the engine. The fan is belt- driven by the crankshaft pulley in a two -point drive. The fan support bracket, fan spindle and drive pulley are adjustable with respect to the crankshaft pulley in order to maintain proper belt tension. The fan blades project into the radiator shroud, which has sufficient tip clearance for belt tension adjustment. The other type of set mounted radiator consists of an assembly of radiator, fan, drive pulley and adjustable idler pulley to maintain belt tension. The fan is mounted with its centre fixed in a venturi shroud with very close tip clearance for high - efficiency performance. The fan drive pulley, idler pulley and engine crankshaft pulley are precisely aligned and connected in a three -point drive by the belts. This second type of set - mounted radiator usually uses an airfoil - bladed fan with the close - fitting shroud. The proper radiator and fan combinations will be provided by MTS Power and furnished with the generating set. Air requirements for cooling a particular MTS Power generator are given in the specification sheet. The radiator cooling air must 11 be relatively clean to avoid clogging the radiator core. Adequate filtration of air flowing into the room should assure relatively clean air. However if the air at the site normally contains a high concentration of dirt, lint, sawdust, or other matter, the use of a remote radiator, located in a cleaner environment, may alleviate a core clogging problem. It is recommended that a set - mounted radiator's discharge air should flow directly outdoors through a duct that connects the radiator to an opening in an outside wall. The engine should be located as close to the outside wall as possible to keep the ducting short. If the ducting is too long, it may be more economical to use a remote radiator. The air flow restriction of the discharge and the inlets duct should not exceed the allowable fan static pressure. When the set - mounted radiator is to be connected to a discharge duct, a duct adapter should be specified for the radiator. A length of flexible duct material (rubber or suitable fabric) between the radiator and the fixed discharge duct is required to isolate vibration and provide freedom of motion between the generating set and the fixed duct. WATF 7 -O ZADIA -OR 5HL 1 01-1 - VALVE - I IORI7^.NTAI I MC)..NTFD RAE: AT(R AIR FLOW HOL *- OK LIECK vrR -ICN I V M0UNTT. RADIATOR WATER TO RAL; Al OK WA EH FROM RADIATOR 31 I..T Orr I VALVE ITC FIG 9.2 REMOTE RADIATOR CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM 9.2 Remote Radiator A remote radiator with electric motor - driven can be installed in any convenient location away from the generating set. See figure 9.2. A well- designed remote radiator has many useful features and advantages that provide greater flexibility of generating set installations in buildings. More efficient venturi shroud and fan provide a substantial reduction in horsepower required for engine cooling. The fan may be driven by a thermostatically controlled motor, which will only draw power from the generating set when required to cool the engine. A remote radiator can be located outdoors where there is less air flow restriction and air is usually cooler than engine room air, resulting in higher efficiency and smaller size radiator; and fan noise is removed from the building. Remote radiators must be connected to the engine cooling system by coolant piping, including flexible sections between engine and piping. 9.3 Remote Radiator/Heat Exchanger System Another type of remote radiator system employs a heat exchanger at the engine . See figure 9.3 and 9.4. In this application, the heat exchanger functions as an intermediate heat exchanger to isolate the engine coolant system from the high static head of the remote radiator coolant. The engine pump circulates engine coolant through the engine and the element of the heat exchanger. AIR I"LOW HCOF- 011 DECK WAT =R FROM RAG ATOR ALIXII IAR.Y WA! Eli 1'UMI' 11r A— rxc i IANCTR FIG 9.3 REMOTE RADIATOR ISOLATED FROM ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM BY HEAT EXCHANGER A separate pump circulates radiator coolant between the remote radiator and the heat exchanger tank. Heat exchangers also are used for cooling the engine without a radiator, as described in the following section. 9.4 Heat Exchanger Cooling A heat exchanger may be used where there is a continuously available supply of clean, cool raw water. Areas where excessive foreign material in the air might cause constant radiator clogging - such as in saw mill installations - may be logical sites for heat exchanger cooling. A heat exchanger cools the engine by transferring engine coolant heat through passages in the elements to cool raw water. Engine coolant and raw cooling water flows are separated completely in closed systems, each with its own pump, and never intermix. A heat exchanger totally replaces the radiator and fan. See figure 9.5. It usually is furnished as part of the generating set assembly, mounted on the engine, although it can be located remotely. Since the engine does not have to drive a radiator fan, there is more reserve power available. The raw water side of the heat exchanger requires a dependable and economical supply of cool water. Soft water is desired to keep the heat exchanger in good operating condition. For standby service, a well, lake or cooling tower is preferred over city water since the latter may fail at the same time that normal electric power fails, making the generator useless. 12 FALL' I � AUXILIARY P MP j A-ERWASE P TA■' HEAT EXCHANGER FIG 9.4 TYPICAL HEAT EXCHANGER INSTALLATION 9.5 Antifreeze Protection If the engine is to be exposed to low temperatures, the cooling water in the engine must be protected from freezing. In radiator - cooled installations, antifreeze may be added to the water to prevent freezing. Ethylene glycol permanent antifreeze is recommended for diesel engines. It includes its own corrosion inhibitor, which eventually may have to be replenished. Only a non - chromate inhibitor should be used with ethylene glycol. The proportion of ethylene glycol required is dictated primarily by the need for protection against freezing in the lowest ambient air temperature that will be encountered. The concentration of ethylene glycol must be at least 30% to afford adequate corrosion protection. The concentration must not exceed 67% to maintain adequate heat transfer capability. For heat exchanger cooling, antifreeze does only half the job since it can only be used in the engine water side of the heat exchanger. There must be assurance that the raw water source will not freeze. 9.6 Water Conditioning Soft water should always be used in the engine whether cooling is by radiator or by heat exchanger Adding a commercial softener is the easiest and most economical method of water softening. Your MTS Power Distributor can recommend suitable softeners. Manufacturers instructions should be carefully followed. CP- 10M— F_OW JIsLV. RAvy WA —CR DJMF 13 FAN WAT= R L'IW.I l rl F'' f9I.A�I:• FIG 9.5 HEAT EXCHANGER COOLING SYSTEM 10. FUEL SUPPLY A dependable fuel supply system must assure instant availability of fuel to facilitate starting and to keep the engine operating. This requires, at a minimum, a small day tank (usually incorporated into the generating set baseframe - called a basetank) located close to the set. With generally only a capacity of 8 hours operation, this day tank is often backed up by an auxiliary remote fuel system including a bulk storage tank and the associated pumps and plumbing. Extended capacity basetanks are also generally available for longer operation prior to refuelling. Especially for standby generating sets it not advisable to depend on regular delivery of fuel. The emergency that requires use of the standby set may also interrupt the delivery of fuel. 10.1 Fuel Tank Location The day tank should be located as close to the generating set as possible. Normally it is safe to store diesel fuel in the same room with the generating set because there is less danger of fire or fumes with diesel than with petrol (gasoline). Thus, if building codes and fire regulations permit, the day tank should be located in the base of the generating set, along side the set, or in an adjacent room. Where an remote fuel system is to be installed with a bulk storage tank, the bulk tank may be located outside the building where it will be convenient for refilling, cleaning and inspection. It should not, however, be exposed to freezing weather because fuel flow will be restricted as viscosity increases with cold temperature. The tank may be located either above or below ground level. 10.2 Remote Fuel Systems Three types of remote fuel systems are recommended by the manufacturer: Fuel System 1: Installations where the bulk fuel tank is lower than the day tank. Fuel System 2: Installations where the bulk fuel tank is higher than the day tank. Fuel System 4: Installations where fuel must be pumped from a free standing bulk fuel tank to the day tank. Fuel System 1: The bulk fuel tank is lower than the day tank. With this system the fuel must be pumped up from the bulk tank to the day tank which is integrated into the baseframe. See figure 10.1. Figure 10.1: Typical Layout with Fuel Systeml The key components are the bulk fuel tank (item 1), which is lower than the basetank, remote fuel system controls (item 2) located in the generator set control panel, an AC powered electric fuel pump (item 3), fuel level switches in the basetank (item 4), an extended vent on the basetank (item 5), the fuel supply line (item 6), the fuel return line (item 7), and a fuel strainer (item 8) on the inlet side of the pump. When set to automatic, the system operates as follows: low fuel level in the basetank is sensed by the fuel level sensor. The pump begins to pump fuel from the bulk tank to the basetank through the fuel supply line. To help ensure that clean fuel reaches the engine, fuel from the bulk tank is strained just prior to the electric fuel pump. When the basetank is full, as sensed by the fuel level sensor, the pump stops. If there should be any overflow of fuel in the basetank, the excess will drain back into the bulk tank via the return line. With this system, the basetank must include the overflow (via the return line), a 1.4 metre extended vent to prevent overflow through the vent, sealed fuel level gauges on the basetank and no manual fill facility All other connections on top of the tank must be sealed to prevent leakage. Fuel System 1 is not compatible with the polyethylene fuel tanks standard on smaller generator sets. The optional metal tank is required. A 2001 Series control system (or above) is required. The position of the bulk fuel tank should take into account that the maximum suction lift of the fuel transfer pump is approximately 3 metres and that the maximum restriction caused by the friction losses in the return fuel line should not exceed 2 psi. Fuel System 2: The bulk tank is located higher than the basetank. With this system the fuel is gravity fed from the bulk tank to the basetank. See figure 10.2. Figure 10.2:Typical Layout with Fuel System 2 The key components are the bulk fuel tank (item 1), which is higher than the basetank, remote fuel system controls (item 2) located in the generator set control panel, a DC motorised fuel valve (item 3), fuel level switches in the basetank (item 4), an extended vent /return line (continuous rise) on the basetank (item 5), the fuel supply line (item 6), a fuel strainer (item 7) and an isolating valve at the bulk tank (item 8). When set to automatic, the system operates as follows: low fuel level in the basetank is sensed by the fuel level sensor. The DC motorised valve is opened and fuel is allowed to flow from the high level bulk tank to the basetank by the force of gravity. To help ensure that clean fuel reaches the engine, fuel from the bulk tank is strained just prior to the motorised valve. When the basetank is full, as sensed by the fuel level sensor, the motorised valve is closed. Any overflow into the basetank or overpressure in the basetank will flow back to the bulk tank via the extended vent. 14 With this system, the basetank must include an overflow via the return line, sealed fuel level gauges and no manual fill facility. All other connections on top of the tank must be sealed to prevent leakage. Fuel System 2 is not compatible with the polyethylene fuel tanks standard on smaller generator sets. The optional metal tank is required. A 2001 Series control system (or above) is required. Distance `A' in Figure 10.2 is limited to 1400mm for all generator sets with metal basetanks. Fuel System 4: Some installations may require a system where fuel is pumped from a free standing bulk tank (see Figure 10.4). This pumped system would only be used if gravity feed is not possible from the bulk tank to the basetank. Figure 10.4:Typical Layout with Fuel System 4 The key components are the above ground bulk fuel tank (item 1), remote fuel system controls (item 2) located in the generator set control panel, an AC Fuel Pump (item 3), a DC motorised fuel valve (item 4), fuel level switches in the basetank (item 5), the fuel supply line (item 6), an extended vent/return line (continuous rise) on the basetank (item 7), a fuel strainer (item 8) and an isolating valve at the bulk tank (item 9). When set to automatic, the system operates as follows: low fuel level in the basetank is sensed by the fuel level sensor. The DC motorised valve is opened and the pump begins to pump fuel from the bulk tank to the basetank through the supply line. To help ensure that clean fuel reaches the engine, fuel from the bulk tank is strained just prior to the motorised valve. When the basetank is full, as sensed by the fuel level sensor, the pump stops and the motorised valve is closed. Any overflow into the basetank or overpressure in the basetank will flow back to the bulk tank via the extended vent. With this system, the basetank must include an overflow via the return line, sealed fuel level gauges and no manual fill facility. All other connections on 15 top of the tank must be sealed to prevent leakage. Fuel System 4 is not compatible with the polyethylene fuel tanks standard on smalle generator sets. The optional metal tank is required. A 2001 Series control system (or above) is required. Distance `A' on Figure 10.4 is limited to 1400mm for all generator sets with metal basetanks. Note that the maximum restriction caused by friction losses and height of the return line should not exceed 2 psi. 10.3 Tank Construction Fuel tanks are usually made of welded sheet steel or reinforced plastic. If an old fuel tank is used, be sure it is made of a proper material. It should be cleaned thoroughly to remove all rust, scale and foreign deposits. Connections for fuel suction and return lines must be separated as much as possible to prevent re- circulation of hot fuel and to allow separation of any gases entrained in the fuel. Fuel suction lines should extend below the minimum fuel level in the tank. Where practical, a low point in the tank should be equipped with a drain valve or plug, in an accessible location, to allow periodic removal of water condensation and sediment. Or a hose may be inserted through the tank's filter neck when necessary to suck out water and sediment. The filler neck of the bulk fuel tank should be located in a clean accessible location. A removable wire screen of approximately 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) mesh should be placed in the filler neck to prevent foreign material from entering the tank. The filler neck cap or the highest point in the tank should be vented to maintain atmospheric pressure on the fuel and to provide pressure relief in case a temperature rise causes the fuel to expand. It will also prevent a vacuum as fuel is consumed. The tank may be equipped with a fuel level gauge - either a sight gauge or a remote electrical gauge. 10.4 Fuel Lines The fuel lines can be of any fuel compatible material such as steel pipe or flexible hoses that will tolerate environmental conditions. Fuel delivery and return lines should be at least as large as the fitting sizes on the engine, and overflow piping should be one size larger. For longer runs of piping or low ambient temperatures the size of these lines should be increased to ensure adequate flow. Flexible piping should be used to connect to the engine to avoid damage or leaks caused by engine vibration. The fuel delivery line should pick up fuel from a point no lower than 50 mm (2 ") from the bottom of tank at the high end, away from the drain plug. 10.5 Day Tank Capacity The capacity of the day tank is based on the fuel consumption and the expected number of hours of operation that is requested between refills. Particularly with standby generators, the availability of fuel delivery service will determine the number of operating hours that must be provided for. Don't depend on quick service the very day your set starts to operate. A power outage may hamper your supplier's operation also. In addition, the size of the day tank should be large enough to keep fuel temperatures down, since some engines return hot fuel used to cool the injectors. 16 11. SELECTING FUELS FOR STANDBY DEPENDABILITY The types of fuels available for diesel engines, vary from highly volatile jet fuels and kerosene to the heavier fuel oils. Most diesel engines are capable of burning a wide range of fuels within these extremes. The following information will assist you in selecting the type of fuel that will afford the best overall performance and reliability of your Generating Set. 11.1 Types Of Fuel Oil The quality of fuel oil can be a dominant factor in satisfactory engine life and performance. A large variety of fuel oils are marketed for diesel engine use. Their properties depend upon the refining practices employed and the nature of the crude oils from which they are produced. For example, fuel oils may be produced within the boiling range of 148 to 371 °C (300 to 700 °F), having many possible combinations of other properties. The additional contaminants present in low grade fuels may result in darker exhaust and more pronounced odour. This may be objectionable in hospitals, offices commercial and urban locations. Thus, location, application and environmental conditions should be considered when selecting fuel. The Generating Set owner may elect to use a low grade fuel because high -grade fuels are not readily available in his area or because he can realise a net saving with low grade fuels despite higher engine maintenance costs. In that case, frequent examination of lubrication oil should be made to determine sludge formation and the extent of lube oil contamination. Aside from the various grades of fuel oil commonly used in diesel engines, aircraft jet fuels also are sometimes used, especially in circumstances where the jet fuels are more readily available than conventional fuels. Jet fuels are lower in B.T.U. content and lubrication quality than conventional fuels. As a result, some diesel fuel systems must undergo major modifications to accommodate this type of fuel. For use of jet fuel please consult MTS Power. 17 Reliable operation of diesel engines may vary from one fuel to another, depending on many factors, including fuel characteristics and engine operating conditions. The fuels commonly known as high -grade fuels seldom contribute to the formation of harmful engine deposits and corrosion. On the other hand, while refining improves the fuel, it also lowers the B.T.U. or heat value of the fuel. As a result, the higher grade fuels develop slightly less power than the same quantity of low grade fuel. This is usually more than offset by the advantages of high grade fuels such as quicker starts and less frequent overhauls. Before using low -grade fuels, therefore, some understanding of the problems and extra costs that may be encountered is necessary. Fuels with high sulphur content cause corrosion, wear and deposits in the engine. Fuels that are not volatile enough or don't ignite rapidly may leave harmful deposits in the engine and may cause poor starting or running under adverse operating conditions. The use of low grade fuels may require the use of high priced, higher detergent lubricating oils and more frequent oil changes. 11.2 Fuel Selection Guide Specify fuel properties according to the following chart. Selecting a fuel that keeps within these specifications will tend to reduce the possibility of harmful deposits and corrosion in the engine, both of which could result in more frequent overhauls and greater maintenance expense. Specify exact fuel properties to your local fuel supplier. 11.3 Maintaining Fresh Fuel Most fuels deteriorate if they stand unused for a period of many months. With standby generators it is preferable to store only enough fuel to support a few days or even only eight hours of continuous running of the Generating Set so that normal engine testing will turn over a tank full within a year and a half. Final Boiling Point Cetane Number (Min) Sulphur Number (Max) Winter 290 °C (550 °F) 45 0.5 % Summer 315 °C (600°F) 40 0.5 % Selecting a fuel that keeps within these specifications will tend to reduce the possibility of harmful deposits and corrosion in the engine, both of which could result in more frequent overhauls and greater maintenance expense. Specify exact fuel properties to your local fuel supplier. 11.3 Maintaining Fresh Fuel Most fuels deteriorate if they stand unused for a period of many months. With standby generators it is preferable to store only enough fuel to support a few days or even only eight hours of continuous running of the Generating Set so that normal engine testing will turn over a tank full within a year and a half. Other solutions are to add inhibitors to the fuel or to obtain greater turnover by using the fuel for other purposes. A gum inhibitor added to diesel fuel will keep it in good condition up to two years. If the building furnace has an oil burner, it is possible to burn diesel fuel in the furnace, connecting both the engine and the furnace to the same tank. In this way, a large supply of diesel fuel is available for emergency use by the Generating Set, and the fuel supply is continuously turned over since it is being burned in the furnace. Thus, there is no long term storage problem. 11.4 Self Contained Dependability In some areas, where natural gas is cheap, natural gas spark ignition engines are used in Generating Sets that are intended for continuous service. For standby service, however, this is not recommended. The natural gas supply and regulation system adds substantially to the complexity of the installation, and there is little to be gained in terms of fuel cost over a period of time. More important, it makes the emergency power less dependable. Not only is such an engine less dependable than a diesel, but often the same storm or accident that disrupts the normal electric power also cuts off gas service. Thus, a natural gas engine would be disabled at the very time it is needed. By contrast, a diesel engine, with its fuel in a nearby tank, is a self contained system that does not depend on outside services. It is more dependable and affords greater standby protection than systems which depend on a public utility for fuel. 18 12. TABLES AND FORMULAS FOR ENGINEERING STANDBY GENERATING SETS Table 1. Length Equivalents Unit Microns Meters Kilometres Inches Feet Yards Miles 1 Micron 1 0.000001 -- 0.00003937 - - - 1 Meter 1,000,000 1 -- 39.37 3.281 1.0936 -- 1 Kilometre - 1000 1 39,370 3281 1093.6 0.621 11nch 25,400 0.0254 -- 1 0.0833 0.0278 -- 1 Foot - 0.3048 -- 12 1 0.3333 -- 1 Yard - 0.9144 -- 36 3 1 -- 1 Mile - 1609 1.609 63,360 5280 1760 1 One unit in the left -hand column equals the value of units under the top heading. Table 2. Area Equivalents Unit 1n2 Ft2 Acre Mile M2 Hectare Km2 11n2 1 0.006944 -- -- 0.00064516 - - 1 Ft2 144 1 -- -- 0.0929 -- -- 1 Acre - 43,560 1 0.0015625 4,047 0.4047 0.004047 1 Mile - 27,878,400 640 1 2,589,998 258.99 2.5899 1 M2 1550 10.764 -- -- 1 -- -- 1 Hectare - 107,639 2.471 0.003861 10,000 1 0.01 1 Km2 - 10,763,867 247.1 0.3861 1,000,000 100 1 One unit in the left -hand column equals the value of units under the top heading. Table 3. Mass Equivalents Unit Ounces Pounds Kilograms Tons Short Long Metric 1 Ounce 1 0.0625 0.02835 -- -- -- 1 Pound 16 1 0.4536 -- -- -- 1 Kilogram 35.27 2.205 1 -- -- -- 1 Short Ton 32000 2000 907.2 1 0.8929 0.9072 1 Long Ton 35840 2240 1016 1.12 1 1.016 1 Metric Ton 35274 2205 1000 1.102 0.9842 1 One unit in the left -hand column equals the value of units under the top heading. 19 Table 4. Volume and Capacity Equivalents Unit Inches' Feet' Yards' Meters' US Liquid Gallons Imperial Gallons Litres 1 Inch3 1 0.000579 0.0000214 0.0000164 0.004329 0.00359 0.0164 1 Ft' 1728 1 0.03704 0.0283 7.481 6.23 28.32 1 Yd' 46656 27 1 0.765 202 168.35 764.6 1 M' 61023 35.31 1.308 1 264.2 220.2 1000 1 U.S.Liq.Gal 231 0.1337 0.00495 0.003785 1 0.833 3.785 1 Imp. Gal. 277.42 0.16 0.00594 0.004546 1.2 1 4.546 1 Litre 61.02 0.03531 0.001308 0.001 0.2642 0.22 1 One unit in the left -hand column equals the value of units under the top heading. Table 5. Conversions for Units of Speed Unit Feet /Secon d Feet /Min Miles /Hr Meters /Sec Meters /Mi n Km/Hr 1 Foot /Sec 1 60.0 0.6818 0.3048 18.288 -- 1 Foot /Min 0.0167 1 0.1136 0.00508 -- -- 1 Mile /Hr 1.467 88 1 0.986 26.822 1.6093 1 Meter /Sec 3.281 196.848 -- 1 -- -- 1 Meter /Min 0.05468 -- 0.03728 -- 1 -- 1 Km /Hr -- -- 0.6214 0.2778 -- 1 One unit in the left -hand column equals the value of units under the top heading. Table 6. Conversions For Units Of Power Unit Horsepower Foot -Ib /Minute Kilowatts Metric Horsepower Btu /Minute 1 Horsepower 1 33,000 0.746 1.014 42.4 1 Foot- lb/Minute -- 1 -- -- 0.001285 1 Kilowatt 1.341 44,260 1 1.360 56.88 1 Metric Horsepower 0.986 32,544 0.736 1 41.8 1 Btu. /Minute 0.0236 777.6 0.0176 0.0239 1 One unit in the left -hand column equals the value of units under the top heading. Mechanical power and ratings of motors and engines are expressed in horsepower. Electrical power is expressed in watts or kilowatts. 20 Table 7. Conversions for Measurements of Water Unit Feet3 Pounds Gal (U.S Gal (IMP) Litres Head (Ft) lb/in' Ton /Ft2 Head (Meters Fe /Min Gal.(U.S) /Hr Feet3 1 62.42 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 13.66 Pounds 0.01602 1 0.12 0.10 0.4536 -- -- -- -- -- -- Gal (U.S) __ 8.34 1 -- -- -- -- 94.9 6000 23.98 11.77 Gal (IMP) -- 10.0 -- 1 -- -- -- 93 -- -- 10.91 Litres -- 2.2046 -- -- 1 -- -- 91 -- 20.58 10.10 Head (Ft) -- -- -- __ -- 1 4.335 88.9 -- 19.03 9.34 Ib /in2 -- -- __ __ -- 2.3070 1 0.02784 0.7039 17.57 8.62 Ton/Ft' -- -_ -- -- -- 35.92 -- 1 -- Head (Meters) -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.4221 -- 1 Fe /Min -- __ __ __ _- -- -- -- -- 1 448.92 Gal. (U.S) /Hr -- -- -- __ __ -- -- -- -- 0.002227 1 One unit in the left -hand column equals the value of units under the top heading. Table 8. Barometric Pressures and Boiling Points of Water at Various Altitudes One unit in the left -hand column equals the value of units under the top heading. 21 Barometric Pressure Water Boiling Point (Ft) Inches of Mercury Ib /in2 Feet Water °F °C Sea Level 29.92 14.69 33.95 212.0 100 1000 28.86 14.16 32.60 210.1 99 2000 27.82 13.66 31.42 208.3 98 3000 26.81 13.16 30.28 206.5 97 4000 25.84 12.68 29.20 204.6 95.9 5000 24.89 12.22 28.10 202.8 94.9 6000 23.98 11.77 27.08 201.0 94.1 7000 23.09 11.33 26.08 199.3 93 8000 22.22 10.91 25.10 197.4 91.9 9000 21.38 10.50 24.15 195.7 91 10,000 20.58 10.10 23.25 194.0 90 11,000 19.75 9.71 22.30 192.0 88.9 12,000 19.03 9.34 21.48 190.5 88 13,000 18.29 8.97 20.65 188.8 87.1 14,000 17.57 8.62 19.84 187.1 86.2 15,000 16.88 8.28 18.07 185.4 85.2 One unit in the left -hand column equals the value of units under the top heading. 21 Table 9. Conversions of Units of Flow Unit U.S Gallons /Minute Million U.S Gallons /Day Feet3 /Second Meters3/Hour Litres /Second 1 U.S Gallon /Minute 1 0.001440 0.00223 0.2271 0.0630 1 Million U.S Gallons /Day 694.4 1 1.547 157.73 43.8 1 Foot3/Second 448.86 0.646 1 101.9 28.32 1 Meter3 /Hour 4.403 0.00634 0.00981 1 0.2778 1 Litre /Second 15.85 0.0228 0.0353 3.60 1 One unit in the left -hand column equals the value of units under the top heading. Table 10. Conversions of Units of Pressure and Head Unit mmHg in. Hg in H2O ft H2O Ib /in2 kg /cm2 Atmos kPa lmm Hg 1 0.0394 0.5352 0.0447 0.01934 0.00136 0.0013 - 1 in. Hg 25.4 1 13.5951 1.1330 0.49115 0.03453 0.0334 3.386 1 in H2O 1.86827 0.0736 1 0.0833 0.03613 0.00254 0.0025 0.249 1 ft H2O 22.4192 0.8827 12 1 0.43352 0.030479 0.0295 2.989 1 lb/ in2 51.7149 2.0360 27.6807 2.3067 1 0.07031 0.0681 6.895 1 kg /cm2 735.559 28.959 393.7117 32.8093 14.2233 1 0.9678 98.07 Atmos. 760.456 29.92 406.5 33.898 14.70 1.033 1 101.3 kPa 7.50064 0.2953 4.0146 0.3346 0.14504 0.0102 0.0099 1 One unit in the left -hand column equals the value of units under the top heading. Table 11. Approximate Weights of Various Liquids 22 Pounds per U.S Gallon Specific Gravity Diesel Fuel 6.88 - 7.46 0.825 - 0.895 Ethylene Glycol 9.3 - 9.6 1.12 - 1.15 Furnace Oil 6.7 - 7.9 0.80 - 0.95 Gasoline 5.6 - 6.3 0.67 - 0.75 Kerosene 6.25 - 7.1 0.75 - 85 Lube. Oil (Medium) 7.5 - 7.7 0.90 - 0.92 Water 8.34 1.00 22 Table 12. Electrical formulae Desired Data Single Phase Three -Phase Direct Current Kilowatts (kW) IxVxPF fxIxVxPF IxV 1000 1000 1000 Kilovolt - Amperes kVA IxV 15 xVxE 1000 1000 Electric Motor Horsepower Output (HP) IxVxEff . xPF JxIxVxEff . xPF IxVxEff . 746 746 746 Amperes (I) When Horsepower is known HPx 746 HPx 746 HPx 746 V x Eff . x PF ,h x V x F.ff . x PF V x Eff Amperes (I) When Kilowatts are known kWx 1000 kWx 1000 kWx 1000 V x PF y 3 X V x PF V Amperes (I) WhenkVAis known kVAx 1000 kVAx 1000 v 'hxV Where: V = Volts I = Amperes Eff= Percentage Efficiency Watts PF = Power Factor- IxV 23 TABLE 13. kVA/kW AMPERAGE AT VARIOUS VOLTAGES (0.8 Power Factor) kVA kW 208V 220V 240V 380V 400V 440V 460V 480V 600V 2400V 33000V 4160V 6.3 5 17.5 16.5 15.2 9.6 9.1 8.3 8.1 7.6 6.1 9.4 7.5 26.1 24.7 22.6 14.3 13.6 12.3 12 11.3 9.1 12.5 10 34.7 33 30.1 19.2 18.2 16.6 16.2 15.1 12 18.7 15 52 49.5 45 28.8 27.3 24.9 24.4 22.5 18 25 20 69.5 66 60.2 38.4 36.4 33.2 32.4 30.1 24 6 4.4 3.5 31.3 25 87 82.5 75.5 48 45.5 41.5 40.5 37.8 30 7.5 5.5 4.4 37.5 30 104 99 90.3 57.6 54.6 49.8 48.7 45.2 36 9.1 6.6 5.2 50 40 139 132 120 77 73 66.5 65 60 48 12.1 8.8 7 62.5 50 173 165 152 96 91 83 81 76 61 15.1 10.9 8.7 75 60 208 198 181 115 109 99.6 97.5 91 72 18.1 13.1 10.5 93.8 75 261 247 226 143 136 123 120 113 90 22.6 16.4 13 100 80 278 264 240 154 146 133 130 120 96 24.1 17.6 13.9 125 100 347 330 301 192 182 166 162 150 120 30 21.8 17.5 156 125 433 413 375 240 228 208 204 188 150 38 27.3 22 187 150 520 495 450 288 273 249 244 225 180 45 33 26 219 175 608 577 527 335 318 289 283 264 211 53 38 31 250 200 694 660 601 384 364 332 324 301 241 60 44 35 312 250 866 825 751 480 455 415 405 376 300 75 55 43 375 300 1040 990 903 576 546 498 487 451 361 90 66 52 438 350 1220 1155 1053 672 637 581 568 527 422 105 77 61 500 400 1390 1320 1203 770 730 665 650 602 481 120 88 69 625 500 1735 1650 1504 960 910 830 810 752 602 150 109 87 750 600 2080 1980 1803 1150 1090 996 975 902 721 180 131 104 875 700 2430 2310 2104 1344 1274 1162 1136 1052 842 210 153 121 100 0 800 2780 2640 2405 1540 1460 1330 1300 1203 962 241 176 139 112 5 900 3120 2970 2709 1730 1640 1495 1460 1354 1082 271 197 156 125 0 1000 3470 3300 3009 1920 1820 1660 1620 1504 1202 301 218 174 156 3 1250 4350 4130 3765 2400 2280 2080 2040 1885 1503 376 273 218 187 5 1500 5205 4950 4520 2880 2730 2490 2440 2260 1805 452 327 261 218 8 1750 5280 3350 3180 2890 2830 2640 2106 528 380 304 250 0 2000 6020 3840 3640 3320 3240 3015 2405 602 436 348 281 2 2250 6780 4320 4095 3735 3645 3400 2710 678 491 392 312 5 2500 7520 4800 4560 4160 4080 3765 3005 752 546 435 375 0 3000 9040 5760 5460 4980 4880 4525 3610 904 654 522 437 5 3500 10550 6700 6360 5780 5660 5285 4220 1055 760 610 500 0 4000 12040 7680 7280 6640 6480 6035 4810 1204 872 695 24 Conversions of Centigrade and Fahrenheit Water freezes at 0 °C (32 °F) Water boils at 100 °C (212 °F) °F= ( 1.8 x °C ) + 32 Fuel Consumption Formulas Fuel Consumption (lb / hr) = Specific Fuel Cons. ( lb / BHP / hr) x BHP Fuel Consumption (US gal / hr)— Spec. Fuel Cons. (lb / BHP / hr) xBHP Fuel Specific Weight (lb / US gal ) Fuel Spec. Weight( lb / US gal) = FuelSpecific Gravity x 8.341b °C= 0.5555( °F -32) Fuel Cons. (US gal / hr) x Fuel Spec. Wt (lb / US gal) Specific Fuel Consumption (lb / BHP / hr)— BHP Specific Fuel Consumption(kg / BHP / hr) — Spec.Fuel Cons.(lb / BHP / hr) BHP Electrical Motor Horsepower Electrical Motor Horsepower — kW Input x Motor Efficiency 0.746 x Generator Efficiency kW Output Required Engine Horsepower Required — Piston Travel 0.746 x Generator Efficiency Feet Per Minute(FPM) = 2 x L x N Where L = Length of Stroke in Feet N = Rotational Speed of Crankshaft in RPM BREAK MEAN EFFECTIVE PRESSURE (BMEP) (4 Cycle) BMEP — 792 , 000 x BHP Total Displacement x RPM 25 13. GLOSSARY OF TERMS ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) - A current which periodically reverses in direction and changes its magnitude as it flows through a conductor or electrical circuit. The magnitude of an alternating current rises from zero to maximum value in one direction, returns to zero, and then follows the same variation in the opposite direction. One complete alternation is one cycle or 360 electrical degrees. In the case of 50 cycle alternating current the cycle is completed 50 times per second. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE - The air temperature of the surroundings in which the generating system operates. This may be expressed in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. AMPERE (A) - The unit of measurement of electric flow. One ampere of current will flow when one volt is applied across a resistance of one ohm. APPARENT POWER (kVA, VA)- A term used when the current and voltage are not in phase i.e. voltage and current do not reach corresponding values at the same instant. The resultant product of current and voltage is the apparent power and is expressed in kVA. AUTOMATIC SYNCHRONIZER - This device in its simplest form is a magnetic type control relay which will automatically close the generator switch when the conditions for paralleling are satisfied. BREAK MEAN EFFECTIVE PRESSURE (BMEP) - This is the theoretical average pressure on the piston of an engine during the power stroke when the engine is producing a given number of horsepower. It is usually expressed in pounds /inch2. The value is strictly a calculation as it cannot be measured, since the actual cylinder pressure is constantly changing. The mean or average pressure is used to compare engines on assumption that the lower the BMEP, the greater the expected engine life and reliability. In practice, it is not a reliable indicator of engine performance for the following reasons.: The formula favours older design engines with relatively low power output per cubic inch of displacement in comparison with more modern designs. Modern engines do operate with higher average cylinder pressures, but bearings and other engine parts are designed to withstand these higher pressures and to still provide equal or greater life and reliability than the older designs. The formula also implies greater reliability when the same engine produces the same power at a higher speed. Other things being equal, it is unlikely that a 60 Hz generating set operating at 1800 RPM is more reliable than a comparable 50 Hz generating set operating at 1500 RPM. Also it is doubtful that a generator operating at 3000 RPM will be more reliable than one operating at 1500 RPM even if the latter engine has a significantly higher BMEP. The BMEP for any given generating set will vary with the rating which changes depending on fuel, altitude and temperature. The BMEP is also affected by generator efficiency which varies with voltage and load. CAPACITANCE (C)- If a voltage is applied to two conductors separated by an insulator, the insulator will take an electrical charge. Expressed in micro - farads (gf). CIRCUIT BREAKER - A protective switching device capable of interrupting current flow at a pre- determined value. CONTINUOUS LOAD - Any load up to and including full rated load that the generating set is capable of delivering for an indefinitely long period, except for shut down for normal preventive maintenance. CONTINUOUS RATING - The load rating of an electric generating system which is capable of supplying without exceeding its specified maximum temperature rise limits. 26 CURRENT (1) - The rate of flow of electricity. DC flows from negative to positive. AC alternates in direction. The current flow theory is used conventionally in power and the current direction is positive to negative. CYCLE- One complete reversal of an alternating current or voltage from zero to a positive maximum to zero to a negative maximum back to zero. The number of cycles per second is the frequency, expressed in Hertz (Hz). DECIBEL (dB)- Unit used to define noise level. DELTA CONNECTION - A three phase connection in which the start of each phase is connected to the end of the next phase, forming the Greek letter Delta (D). The load lines are connected to the corners of the delta. In some cases a centre tap is provided on each phase, but more often only on one leg, thus supplying a four wire output. DIRECT CURRENT - An electric current which flows in one direction only for a given voltage and electrical resistance. A direct current is usually constant in magnitude for a given load. EFFICIENCY - The efficiency of a generating set shall be defined as the ratio of its useful power output to its total power input expressed as a percentage. FREQUENCY- The number of complete cycles of an alternating voltage or current per unit of time, usually per second. The unit for measurement is the Hertz (Hz) equivalent to 1 cycle per second (CPS). FREQUENCY BAND - The permissible variation from a mean value under steady state conditions. FREOUENCY DRIFT - Frequency drift is a gradual deviation of the mean governed frequency above or below the desired frequency under constant load. FREQUENCY DROOP - The change in frequency between steady state no load and steady state full load which is a function of the engine and governing systems. FULL LOAD CURRENT - The full load current of a machine or apparatus is the value of current in RMS or DC amperes which it carries when delivering its rate output under its rated conditions. Normally, the full load current is the "rated" current. GENERATOR - A general name for a device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy may be direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). An AC generator may be called an alternator. HERTZ (Hz) - SEE FREQUENCY. INDUCTANCE (L) - Any device with iron in the magnetic structure has what amounts to magnetic inertia. This inertia opposes any change in current. The characteristic of a circuit which causes this magnetic inertia is know as self inductance; it is measured in Henries and the symbol is "L ". INTERRUPTABLE SERVICE - A plan where by an electric utility, elects to interrupt service to a specific customer at any time. Special rates are often available to customers under such agreements. kVA - 1,000 Volt amperes (Apparent power). Equal to kW divided by the power factor. 27 r t 1 kW - 1,000 Watts (Real power). Equal to KVA multiplied by the power factor. POWER - Rate of performing work, or energy per unit of time. Mechanical power is often measured in horsepower, electrical power in kilowatts. POWER FACTOR - In AC circuits, the inductances and capacitances may cause the point at which the voltage wave passes through zero to differ from the point at which the current wave passes through zero. When the current wave precedes the voltage wave, a leading power factor results, as in the case of a capacitive load or over excited synchronous motors. When the voltage wave precedes the current wave, a lagging power factor results. This is generally the case. The power factor expresses the extent to which voltage zero differs from the current zero. Considering one full cycle to be 360 degrees, the difference between the zero point can then be expressed as an angle q. Power factor is calculated as the cosine of the q between zero points and is expressed as a decimal fraction (0.8) or as a percentage (80 %). It can also be shown to be the ratio of kW, divided by kVA. In other words, kW= kVA x P.F. PRIME POWER - That source of supply of electrical energy utilised by the user which is normally available continuously day and night, usually supplied by an electric utility company but sometimes by owner generation. RATED CURRENT - The rated continuous current of a machine or apparatus is the value of current in RMS or DC amperes which it can carry continuously in normal service without exceeding the allowable temperature rises. RATED POWER - The stated or guaranteed net electric output which is obtainable continuously from a generating set when it is functioning at rated conditions. If the set is equipped with additional power producing devices, then the stated or guaranteed net electric power must take into consideration that the auxiliaries are delivering their respective stated or guaranteed net output simultaneously, unless otherwise agreed to. RATED SPEED - Revolutions per minute at which the set is designed to operate. RATED VOLTAGE - The rated voltage of an engine generating set is the voltage at which it is designed to operate. REACTANCE - The out of phase component of impedance that occurs in circuits containing inductance and /or capacitance. REAL POWER - A term used to describe the product of current , voltage and power factor, expressed in kW. RECTIFIER - A device that converts AC to DC. ROOT MEAN SOUARE (RMS) - The conventional measurement of alternating current and voltage and represents a proportional value of the true sine wave. SINGLE PHASE- An AC load or source of power normally having only two input terminals if a load, or two output terminals if a source. STANDBY POWER - An independent reserve source of electrical energy which upon failure or outage of the normal source, provides electric power of acceptable quality and quantity so that the user's facilities may continue in satisfactory operation. STAR CONNECTION - A method of interconnecting the phases of a three phase system to form a configuration resembling a star ( or the letter Y). A fourth or neutral wire can be connected to the centre point. 28 II I It i TELEPHONE INFLUENCE FACTOR (TIF) - The telephone influence factor of a synchronous generator is a measure of the possible effect of harmonics in the generator voltage wave on telephone circuits. TIF is measured at the generator terminals on open circuit at rated voltage and frequency. THREE PHASE- Three complete voltage /current sine waves, each of 360 electrical degrees in length, occurring 120 degrees apart. A three phase system may be either 3 wire or 4 wire ( 3 wires and a neutral). UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS)- A system designed to provide power without delay or transients, during any period when the normal power supply is incapable of performing acceptably. UNITY POWER FACTOR - A load whose power factor is 1.0 has no reactance's causing the voltage wave to lag or lead the current wave. WATT - Unit of electrical power. In DC, it equals the volts times amperes. In AC, it equals the effective volts times the effective amps times power factor times a constant dependent on the number of phases.