Miami Shores Vulnerability StudyITEM 4B
Miami Shores Village
Environmental Vulnerability Study
June 13, 2018
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background
Miami Shores is located along Biscayne Bay in northern Miami-Dade County, Florida and is
home to approximately 10,000 people. Over the past decade, they have experienced
increasingly more frequent flooding resulting in property damage and lower quality of life
as a result of these events. Coastal Risk Consulting, LLC and Pennoni were retained by
Miami Shores Village to assess their infrastructure vulnerability to flooding caused by
environmental changes and to develop effective adaptation strategies to best protect the
Village from those changes.
Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Plan
Data was collected from the Village, Miami-Dade County, and other agencies pertaining to
the existing infrastructure and historic flooding locations including: high resolution LiDAR,
tidal records, NOAA Sea Lake Overland Surge from Hurricanes (SLOSH) model, and current
Village operational procedures in advance of predicted high tide and major storm events.
Coastal Risk used that data along with their advanced geospatial modeling capabilities to
analyze and predict climate impacts including flooding, tidal changes, storm surge, and sea-
level and groundwater rise. The proprietary model uses publicly-available databases and
best practices from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which are
integrated with Coastal Risk’s geospatial analysis tools to forecast flood risk and future
change flooding due to sea level rise.
The Vulnerability Assessment looked at three
types of risks: 1) tidal or non-storm
“nuisance” flooding; 2) storm surge flooding,
and 3) heavy rainfall flooding. Tidal flooding
risks were modeled for the entire Village
under current conditions for 2018, predicted
conditions in 2033, and predicted conditions
in 2048. Maximum storm surge conditions
for the entire Village were modeled for 2018
resulting from a Category 1 hurricane, a
Category 3 hurricane, and a Category 5 hurricane. Rainfall flooding based on topographic
information and predicted storm intensity was modeled for the entire Village for the year
2018. The analysis identified several “at-risk” areas of the Village which either experience
flooding under existing conditions or are predicated to experience flooding by the year
2048.
Adaptation Strategies were suggested for the critical facilities, non-critical facilities,
drainage system, roadways, sewer systems, and seawalls within the “at-risk” areas.
Strategies were identified for three categories including: retreating from the hazard,
elevating above the hazard, and structural modifications to minimize the risk of damage
from the hazard.
For the purposes of this study, the following Levels of Service parameters were established
through discussions with Village staff.
• Standing water on roadways up to 6 inches deep (maximum) for no longer than
72 hours following the end of a 10-year, 24 hours storm.
• Distance from ground surface above septic tanks drain field to groundwater must
be at least 42 inches. (Chapter 64E-6, Florida Administrative Code)
• The Village will consider, as part of the Capital Improvement Planning, raising
roads in flood susceptible areas to reflect potential sea level rise. (Comprehensive
Plan Policy 6.6)
• Standing water in habitable areas of buildings is not acceptable under any storm
event.
• Seawalls shall be constructed to a minimum elevation of 5.5 ft NGVD with a
foundation design to support a future extension to 6.5 ft NGVD (Ordinance 2018-
04).
• Finished Floor elevation of buildings within flood hazard areas shall be no lower
than two feet above base flood elevation. (Ordinance 2018-02)
• The area of the Biscayne Canal (C-8) shall remain in a near natural state where it
passes through the Miami Shores Golf Course. The Village shall mitigate any
unavoidable loss of habitat along the canal bank. (Comprehensive Plan Policy
2.7)
Adaptation strategies for the various “at-risk” areas of the Village were evaluated based on
the per-protected-user costs weighted for various criteria, FEMA’s STAPLEE criteria, and
Envision rating tools. The implementation cost for each strategy was based on a long-term
costs analysis through the year 2038. The projects were then prioritized based on the
evaluation results and expected timing of the damage from the hazard (short term or long
term).
Recommendations
The final step of this planning process is to adopt and implement the Adaptation Plan.
Implementation is only possible with funding for the plan components. Funding assistance
for Stormwater subprojects may be through Florida Department of Environmental
Protection’s (FDEP's) Clean Water Act Section 319 Grants, FDEP Total Maximum Daily Load
(TMDL) Grants, State Revolving Fund Grants and Loans, Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) Grants, Community Development Block Grants, Water Pollution Control
Bonds, US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Program,
South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) Cooperative Funding Program for
Surface Water Improvements, Special Taxing Districts, and future legislative
appropriations.
Certain areas of the Village are already experiencing flooding impacts while our models
show other areas will begin to experience impacts within the planning period (by the year
2038). Areas that are currently experiencing damage are recommended for
implementation in the next five years (short-term). Other projects are recommended for
implementation in the next twenty year (long-term). These recommendations are based on
the best data and models currently available. The following table summarizes the main
adaptation recommendations and suggested implementation period. In addition, as part of
the Capital Improvement Program planning, we recommend the Village include an
evaluation of the accuracy of the sea level rise forecasts and adjust the implementation
schedule accordingly.
Table of Contents
LIST OF TABLES:...................................................................................................................................................7
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................................7
1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................................8
2 ABOUT MIAMI SHORES ...............................................................................................................................8
3 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................9
4 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT...............................................................................................................10
4.1 TIDAL FLOODING..........................................................................................................................................10
4.2 STORM SURGE FLOODING ............................................................................................................................13
4.3 RAINFALL FLOODING ...................................................................................................................................16
4.4 PUBLIC COMMENTARY .................................................................................................................................17
4.5 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS ..........................................................................................................................18
4.6 SUMMARY OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES ...........................................................................................................18
4.7 WETLANDS ...................................................................................................................................................19
4.8 ARCHEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SITES...................................................................................................20
5 ADAPTATION STRATEGIES .....................................................................................................................20
5.1 CRITICAL FACILITIES....................................................................................................................................21
5.1.1 ACCOMMODATION ADAPTATION STRATEGY ...........................................................................................................22
5.1.2 RETREAT ADAPTATION STRATEGY ...........................................................................................................................22
5.1.3 FLOODPROOFING ADAPTATION STRATEGY .............................................................................................................23
5.1.4 MINIMUM FINISHED FLOOR ELEVATIONS ................................................................................................................23
5.1.5 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM PARTICIPATION ..................................................................................24
5.1.6 ADAPTATION ACTION AREA DESIGNATION .............................................................................................................25
5.2 NON-CRITICAL FACILITIES ..........................................................................................................................26
5.3 DRAINAGE SYSTEM.......................................................................................................................................27
5.4 ROADWAYS ...................................................................................................................................................29
5.5 SEWER SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................29
5.6 SEAWALLS .....................................................................................................................................................30
6 LEVEL OF SERVICE ......................................................................................................................................31
7 PROJECT PRIORITIZATION......................................................................................................................32
7.1 MIAMI SHORES ESTATES .............................................................................................................................33
7.2 ANCO SUBDIVISION ......................................................................................................................................36
7.3 EVENINGSIDE SUBDIVISION .........................................................................................................................37
7.4 RIVER BAY PARK AREA ...............................................................................................................................39
7.5 EARLETON SHORES AREA ............................................................................................................................41
7.6 NORTH BAYSHORE PARK AREA ..................................................................................................................42
7.7 WATERSEDGE ...............................................................................................................................................44
7.8 BELVEDERE PARK AREA ..............................................................................................................................46
7.9 BISCAYNE BLVD EAST AREA ........................................................................................................................47
7.10 SECTIONS 2 AND 4 .....................................................................................................................................49
7.11 GOLF VIEW ESTATES .................................................................................................................................50
8 ADAPTATION PLAN ...................................................................................................................................52
8.1 CRITICAL FACILITIES....................................................................................................................................54
8.1.1 SHORT-TERM.................................................................................................................................................................54
8.1.2 LONG-TERM ...................................................................................................................................................................54
8.2 DRAINAGE AND ROADWAYS ........................................................................................................................54
8.2.1 SHORT-TERM.................................................................................................................................................................54
8.2.2 LONG-TERM ...................................................................................................................................................................55
8.3 SEWER SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................55
8.3.1 SHORT-TERM.................................................................................................................................................................55
8.3.2 LONG-TERM ...................................................................................................................................................................56
8.4 SEAWALLS .....................................................................................................................................................56
8.4.1 SHORT-TERM.................................................................................................................................................................56
8.4.2 LONG-TERM ...................................................................................................................................................................56
9 FUNDING STRATEGIES ..............................................................................................................................56
10 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................................56
11 APPENDIX ...................................................................................................................................................58
List of Tables:
Table 1 Critical Facilities in Miami Shores ..................................................................................................21
Table 2 2006 Miami Shores Village NFIP Community Rating System Scores ............................25
Table 3 Non-Critical Facilities Owned by Miami Shores.......................................................................26
Table 4 Recommended Capital Projects for Sea Level Rise Adaptation Plan Implementation
..............................................................................................................................................................................53
Table 5 Miami Shores Adaptation Plan Envision Rating System Pre-Analysis: Evaluation
Matrix ................................................................................................................................................................60
Table 6 Miami Shores Adaptation Plan Long Term Cost Analysis: Evaluation Matrix ............61
Table 7 Miami Shores Adaptation Plan STAPLEE Evaluation Matrix..............................................62
List of Figures
Figure 1 The 2018 forecasted water elevation at Virginia Key, the closest NOAA tidal gauge
to Miami Shores ..........................................................................................................................................10
Figure 2 Tidal flooding prediction by Coastal Risk models during the highest tides for 2018.
..............................................................................................................................................................................11
Figure 3 Forecasted tidal flooding for 2033 .............................................................................................12
Figure 4 Forecasted tidal flooding for 2048 .............................................................................................13
Figure 5 The maximum possible storm surge associated with a category 1 hurricane
making landfall near Miami Shores during high tide under 2018 sea level conditions.14
Figure 6 The maximum flooding from storm surge associated with a category 3 hurricane
making landfall near Miami Shores during high tide under 2018 sea level conditions.15
Figure 7 The maximum flooding from storm surge associated with a category 5 hurricane
making landfall near Miami Shores during high tide under 2018 sea level conditions.16
Figure 8 Modeled risk of flooding due to heavy rainfall in 2018 in Miami Shores..................17
Figure 9 National Wetlands Inventory map covering Miami Shores..............................................20
Figure 10 Elevation of structures..................................................................................................................22
Figure 11 Project Planning Year sea level rise.........................................................................................32
Figure 12 Miami Shores Existing Road Conditions 2018 .....................................................................63
Figure 13 Miami Shores Future Road Conditions 2038 ........................................................................64
Figure 14 Miami Shores Existing Stormwater Faciities 2018 ............................................................65
Figure 15 Miami Shores Recommended Road and Drainage Improvements..............................66
Figure 16 Miami Shores Existing Septic/Sewer Conditions 2018 ....................................................67
Figure 17 Miami Shores Future Septic/Sewer Conditions 2038 ......................................................68
Figure 18 Miami Shores Recommended Septic-to-Sewer Improvements ....................................69
Figure 19 Miami Shores Existing Critical Facilities 2018 .....................................................................70
Figure 20 Miami Shores Future Critical Facilities 2038 .......................................................................71
Figure 21 Miami Shores Recommended Critical Facilities and Seawall Improvements ........72
Figure 22 Miami Shores Existing Seawalls 2018 .....................................................................................73
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1 Introduction
Coastal Risk Consulting LLC and Pennoni were retained by Miami Shores Village, located in
Miami-Dade County, Florida, to perform an Environmental Vulnerability Study focusing on
the effects of sea level rise (SLR), tidal flooding and storm surge.
Coastal Risk Consulting (Coastal Risk) utilized its state-of-the-art technology to model
current and future flood risks due to tides, storm surge, and heavy rainfall, through the
year 2048. Coastal Risk uses as a centerpiece of its flood modeling the spatial extent of non-
storm or nuisance flooding, which is related to factors such as sea level rise, tidal forcing,
groundwater depth, and local subsidence. In addition to the locations within the
community where flooding will likely occur, the model projects how many days per year
and how deep tidally-related flooding will be.
The Coastal Risk and Pennoni Team (the Team) presented maps showing flood risk to the
community for public comment. The Team then worked with Village staff to develop a level
of service that would meet the needs of the community. Finally, the Team developed and
prioritized short- and long-term adaptation strategies to provide Miami Shores Village with
the timeline and budget information necessary to enact a successful sea level rise
mitigation plan.
2 About Miami Shores
Miami Shores Village is a residential community located just north of Miami, Florida, on the
coast of Biscayne Bay. It is home to approximately 10,000 people and includes two small
commercial areas along NE 2nd Ave and Biscayne Blvd. Biscayne Bay is the eastern
boundary of the community, and most of the shoreline is privately owned. The exception is
Bayfront Park, which extends as a narrow strip between N Bayshore Drive and a sea wall
for 3 blocks. The Village also includes the Biscayne C8 drainage canal, which is managed by
the South Florida Water Management District, and a private canal between N 102nd St and
N 103rd St.
Tides along this part of Biscayne Bay normally range around 2 feet due to the effect of lunar
orbital cycles, thermal expansion of water as it reaches its peak warmth during late
summer and early fall, and seasonal changes in onshore winds and atmospheric pressure.
The highest of all annual high tides, often called "king tides", occur during the fall when
these factors enhance tidal levels and can lead to localized or “nuisance” flooding. As
described below, Coastal Risk’s modeling framework analyzes tidal patterns and
projections of future sea level rise to determine the specific areas of land surface that will
be affected by tidally influenced flooding, as well as how often the flooding will occur in
future years.
As is the case over much of South Florida, Miami Shores Village sits on bedrock that is
primarily limestone. Limestone is highly porous, so it readily stores and conducts water.
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The permeable nature of limestone means that rising sea levels will cause the inland water
table to rise, reducing the available water storage capacity of the ground. As the water
tables rise, the ground is able to absorb less water in the event of heavy rainfall, increasing
the risk of rainfall-induced flooding. When sea level rises to even greater heights in the
coming decades, the limestone bedrock will allow the water table to seep up from the
ground itself, making seawalls and other protective external barriers less effective to
prevent flooding in low-lying areas.
3 Methodology
Coastal Risk Consulting has developed advanced geospatial modeling capabilities designed
to analyze and predict current and future climate impacts (flooding, tidal changes, storm
surge, sea-level rise, groundwater conditions, etc.) at the parcel-level for coastal
communities throughout the United States. Our proprietary modeling framework forecasts
the probability of both tidal flooding and storm surge inundation on individual property
parcels over the next 30-years. The model uses publicly-available databases and best
practices from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which are
integrated with Coastal Risk’s geospatial analysis tools to forecast current flood risk and
future change flooding due to sea level rise.
Key components of Coastal Risk’s modeling include high-resolution LiDAR measurements
of surface topography. This information provides a simple graphical visualization to
identify the location and extent of low-lying areas. It also gives context to the Coastal Risk
modeling results and assists with evaluation and prioritization of adaption strategies.
The Coastal Risk modeling framework integrates this information with local tidal records,
simulations of hurricane storm surge using the NOAA Sea Lake Overland Surge from
Hurricanes (SLOSH) model, and scientific projections of future sea level rise to predict
current and future changes in flood risk. The Coastal Risk storm surge model is a
proprietary application of the NOAA SLOSH model, which is widely used to quantify storm
surge risk and in state-ordered hurricane evacuations.
Three types of flood risk are examined in this document: 1) tidal or non-storm "nuisance"
flooding, which arises from sea water rising above existing land; 2) storm surge flooding
associated with hurricanes passing over or near the Village; and, 3) heavy rainfall flooding,
which results when rainfall exceeds the drainage and ground storage capacity. The sections
below outline the flood risks for Miami Shores under current conditions and highlights how
these flood risks will change in the future due to sea level rise.
The Coastal Risk Team held a public meeting in Miami Shores on February 13, 2018. At this
meeting Team staff presented their initial findings to Village staff and the public and
gathered feedback about the residents' experiences with flooding during recent king tides
and Hurricane Irma. Attendees had the opportunity to view maps indicating forecasted
flooding scenarios, to speak with Coastal Risk Team staff, and to leave written comments.
The comments are summarized below in Section 1.4.
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4 Vulnerability Assessment
Phase 1 of this environmental vulnerability study assesses the risk of coastal flooding due
to extreme high tides, storm surge, and heavy rainfall on the built environment of Miami
Shores Village, including residential areas and infrastructure. It also includes a summary of
how some neighboring communities are addressing coastal flooding.
4.1 Tidal Flooding
This section summarizes the current and future flood risks due to tidal flooding in Miami
Shores Village. Tidal flooding is the temporary inundation of low-lying areas by seawater
during high tide events. It is not a result of rainfall. These models show what impacts can
be expected, if no additional mitigation steps are taken to reduce these flooding risks.
Figure 1 The 2018 forecasted water elevation at Virginia Key, the closest NOAA tidal gauge to Miami Shores
Source: Dr. Brian McNoldy, Univ. of Miami, Coastal Risk Science Advisor.
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Figure 2 Tidal flooding prediction by Coastal Risk models during the highest tides for 2018.
Figure 2 shows the model predictions for tidal flooding during the highest expected tidal
events of 2018. The northern neighborhood of Shores Estates is highly exposed to tidal
flooding, as well as some low-lying pockets directly adjacent to the canals and Biscayne
Bay. These findings are consistent with the comments that residents and Village staff
expressed about areas of their highest concern.
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Figure 3 Forecasted tidal flooding for 2033
Next, Coastal Risk extended the tidal flood analysis illustrated above into the future using
projections of sea level rise created by NOAA. By 2033, the area affected by tidal flooding
has increased due to rising sea levels. More properties are impacted, including several
cases where water extends several blocks from the shoreline or canal. In this situation, the
ground water is higher, levels of inundation are higher, drainage systems are completely
flooded, and it will take longer to drain the area.
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Figure 4 Forecasted tidal flooding for 2048
Over the next three decades, tidal flooding is projected to affect ever-increasing areas,
including a significant number of private residential properties that currently have septic
tanks, as well as roads and drainage systems. The public golf course will be heavily
impacted. This map indicates the flooding expected on the highest tides, but many of the
areas marked on this map can expect flooding to happen much more frequently throughout
the year.
4.2 Storm Surge Flooding
This section summarizes the current and future flood risks due to storm surge flooding in
Miami Shores. Storm surge refers to the increased water levels generated by a tropical
cyclone due to the strong winds and lower atmospheric pressure. Storm surges occur for all
categories of tropical cyclones, from a tropical storm up to a category 5 hurricane.
While the surge generally increases with the intensity of the storm, there are a number of
additional factors that affect storm surge. These factors include the size of the storm, the
path of the storm prior to landfall, the proximity of the point of landfall, the coastal
topography and offshore ocean bathymetry, and the timing of the storms arrival with local
tides.
The analysis below presents the maximum surge that would result from a category 1, 3, or
5 hurricane under current sea level conditions, under worst case scenario: highest impact
storm trajectory and arriving at high tide. According to the US National Hurricane Center,
the odds of a hurricane coming within 50 nautical miles of the Miami Shores area is 12.5%
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for any given year. For a major hurricane, defined as category 3 or higher, the odds of one
impacting the region is about 6% in any given year.
As sea level rises, the depth of storm surge will also increase. Because this type of flooding
coincides with high winds, waves, and intense rain, the increased depth of flood waters will
be all the more destructive.
Figure 5 The maximum possible storm surge associated with a category 1 hurricane making landfall near Miami
Shores during high tide under 2018 sea level conditions.
Figure 5 depicts the depth of the storm surge (above ground) that will be experienced
under current sea level conditions from a hypothetical category 1 hurricane that makes
landfall on or near Miami Shores. This figure correlates well with the conditions described
by residents when Irma impacted Miami Shores with tropical storm-force winds in
September 2017.
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Figure 6 The maximum flooding from storm surge associated with a category 3 hurricane making landfall near
Miami Shores during high tide under 2018 sea level conditions.
As indicated in Figure 6, a category 3 storm would bring significantly higher water levels
into the Village, impacting all properties east of US 1 and nearly all properties north of the
Biscayne C8 canal. In the most low-lying areas, residents could expect more than 4 feet of
floodwater, unless public and private adaptation measures are taken to reduce the risk.
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Figure 7 The maximum flooding from storm surge associated with a category 5 hurricane making landfall near
Miami Shores during high tide under 2018 sea level conditions.
Figure 7 shows the devastating impacts that could be expected if a category 5 hurricane
were to pass near Miami Shores. The flooding would be widespread, impacting nearly
every property in the Village. Near the shoreline, floodwaters could be over 8 feet deep.
This type of flooding would be also accompanied by high winds and waves likely to cause
severe damage to property and infrastructure. Mitigating a storm of this magnitude is not
really economically feasible, but it is worth understanding that this level of flooding is
possible under the right conditions.
4.3 Rainfall Flooding
Rainfall flooding can occur when precipitation infiltrates into the ground and causes the
water table to rise above normal levels. Poor drainage can lead to large areas of standing
water after even small rainstorms. As sea level rises, heavy rainfall flooding will become
more and more frequent as the average water table height rises in the limestone bedrock
underneath, and the ground becomes less absorbent in heavy rain events.
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Figure 8 Modeled risk of flooding due to heavy rainfall in 2018 in Miami Shores.
Figure 8 shows the areas that the model forecasts will be impacted by water accumulation
and poor drainage due to heavy rainfall. Many properties within one block of the Bay
shoreline and along the private canal are at severe risk of flooding due to heavy rainfall.
Numerous attendees of the public meeting mentioned drainage problems in their yards and
alleys due to heavy and sometimes just moderate rainfall, including several homeowners
who live in the high risk areas indicated in Figure 8.
4.4 Public Commentary
Coastal Risk hosted a public meeting in Miami Shores on February 13, 2018. Of the
approximately 25 attendees at the public meeting, 14 left written comments and many also
spoke directly with Coastal Risk staff to ask questions and offer feedback about their
experiences and concerns.
The residents who attended the meeting were all very concerned about flooding in the
Village, and offered many questions about when and how the Village would be taking action
to resolve the problems. Residents mentioned numerous impacts from sea level rise and
flooding including: water damage to vehicles, impassable roads, concerns about slowed
emergency response, erosion, mosquitoes breeding in standing water, failed septic tanks,
concerns about loss of property values, and expensive repairs in the wake of Irma. Many
attendees expressed a sense of urgency and appealed for quick action to address the
flooding problems.
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Numerous people who reviewed the tidal flooding maps confirmed that the maps
accurately reflect the areas that experienced problems during king tides of 2017 and
during Hurricane Irma in September 2017.
In the written feedback, attendees were asked about their personal experiences with
flooding in Miami Shores, as well as the causes and frequency of that flooding. More than
half of the respondents said that flooding happens frequently, while one said that their
garage had flooded for the first time in 48 years due to the Irma-related storm surge.
Participants mentioned tides, storm surge and heavy rainfall in roughly equal numbers as
causes for their flooding.
4.5 Vulnerability Analysis
This analysis shows that parts of Miami Shores are highly vulnerable to coastal flooding.
The Village is currently experiencing flooding due to the combined effects of sea level rise,
high tides, storm surge, elevated ground water and heavy rainfall. These floods cause
negative impacts to the Village, including damage to property and infrastructure, costs to
mitigate the flooding, and impacts to the quality of life.
The models indicate that the most vulnerable area of Miami Shores is the neighborhood of
Shores Estates. Discussions with residents and Village staff confirm that this neighborhood
is currently experiencing flooding during high tides and during heavy rains. Unless action is
taken to reduce flooding in this area, problems such as malfunctioning septic systems and
impassable roads will cause extreme hardships to residents in the future as well as raise
public health and safety concerns.
As sea level rises, flooding will become more widespread through the Village. The areas of
flooding will extend to include more properties, and the higher water levels will cause
more damage and take longer to recede.
4.6 Summary of Local Communities
Many areas in South Florida are experiencing coastal flooding more severely and more
frequently in recent years. These floods can cause damage to buildings and flooded
roadways. Storm drains that were designed to flow out can be blocked when sea level rises
above the outfall, and in some cases water can backflow up into streets.
Some areas are addressing problems as they arise, implementing targeted mitigation steps
such as regulating minimum sea wall heights, drainage improvements including road
design and pump stations, and shifting from septic to sanitary sewer systems. Larger
municipalities such as Miami Beach are taking a more comprehensive approach to sea level
rise and flooding with a public outreach campaign, stormwater master plan, and significant
investment in infrastructure over long time scales.
Two south Florida municipalities recently established a minimum elevation for public and
private sea walls in an effort to maintain a consistent barrier along their shorelines. In
2016, both Fort Lauderdale and Miami Beach updated regulations on sea wall heights,
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mandating that any sea walls built or substantially improved must comply with the new
standards (all given in feet North American Vertical Datum of 1988 or NAVD88). In Fort
Lauderdale, the minimum allowable sea wall height is now 3.9 feet. In Miami Beach, the
regulation specifies that public sea walls must be at least 5.7 feet while private sea walls
have a lower standard of 4 feet.
During the course of this study, Miami Shores passed regulations requiring that all new
construction or substantial improvement of private seawalls must be at least 4.1 ft NAVD88
(equivalent to 5.5 ft. NGVD, another vertical datum that is used for the regulation).
Additionally, the regulation strongly encourages owners to build seawalls that are strong
enough to bear an additional foot of elevation in the future.
Road flooding is becoming increasingly common and problematic throughout the region.
Consequently, areas such as Monroe County and Miami Beach are investing in elevating
their roadways above forecasted flood levels. Road elevation requires long-term planning
and a significant investment of public funds. It also requires proper design to maintain
streetscapes and improvements in drainage to avoid increased flooding in adjacent low
areas and private properties.
Phase 2 of this report will investigate mitigation actions such as those described above, and
make recommendations about which adaptation options are most suitable for Miami
Shores Village.
4.7 Wetlands
The National Wetland Inventory for Miami Shores shows the pond located just west of
Miami Shores Elementary School as the only freshwater resource in the area (see Figure 9).
This pond is privately held by the surrounding residential properties. The proposed
adaptation measures are located in previously disturbed residential and light commercial
neighborhoods.
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Figure 9 National Wetlands Inventory map covering Miami Shores. Source: US Fish and Wildlife Service
4.8 Archeological and Historical Sites
The Florida Department of Historical Resources was contacted to determine if historical
and/or archeological sites were present in the planning area. No archeological sites are
reported in Miami Shores, but numerous historical structures are present. The listed
resources include numerous structures built prior to 1950 including homes, the railroad,
and the bridge over the C8 Canal (see Appendix for full list). Although the proposed
adaptation measures are located on existing previously disturbed and developed publicly-
owned property, the Department will need to be consulted prior to start of construction to
ensure that no archeological and/or historical sites will be disturbed.
5 Adaptation Strategies
The next phase in the development
of the adaptation plan is identifying
the key infrastructure components
within the “at-risk” areas identified
in the Vulnerability Analysis phase
and evaluating appropriate
adaptation strategies. These
strategies are chosen from proven
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techniques to minimize the Village’s risk of damage resulting from the identified hazards.
In this report, our goal is to minimize damage resulting from increasing sea levels and the
accompanying flooding.
The first step in determining what strategies are appropriate for the Village is to evaluate
the condition of the existing infrastructure. We then determine what types of
improvements can mitigate future damage.
5.1 Critical Facilities
Critical facilities provide functions essential to a community, including during a disaster.
These include police and fire stations, health care facilities, schools, potable water
production facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, and power generating facilities. The
list also includes those areas that would cause widespread harm if they were damaged,
such as chemical storage facilities and levees.
Table 1 Critical Facilities in Miami Shores
Ideally, critical facilities should be located outside of high hazard risk areas and most of the
Villages critical facilities (Figure 19, see Appendix) are outside of the flood zones. Another
consideration is access into and out of the critical facilities. As shown in Figures 12 and 13
(see Appendix), access routes to the Village’s critical facilities are not anticipated to flood,
except during extreme storm events.
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5.1.1 Accommodation Adaptation Strategy
One of the most common adaptation strategies, which virtually eliminates the risk of
flooding to facilities, is to accommodate the hazardous condition by raising facilities above
the flood elevation. Typical considerations when accommodating the floods by raising
existing homes are shown below. Requiring the homes to be elevated with stem walls as
shown rather than filling entire lots reduces the impacts to the flood plain and historic
drainage patterns are maintained. This requirement is similar to Miami Shores Ordinance
706-14, Section R322.3.2 for construction in Flood Hazard Areas. Any structures located
within the V Zone, must be raised on piers or pilings to allow water to flow through.
Buildings can be raised in their entirety or by creating a higher floor within the existing
walls and raising the roof. Raising the driveways and public roadways may require use of a
pumped drainage system to maintain existing drainage patterns. This option would limit
damage to buildings, but would not necessarily provide a dry route for residents to access
the homes during rain events.
Figure 10 Elevation of structures Figure credit: FEMA . NOTE: The lowest occupied floor in A zone structures and
the bottom of the lowest beam in V zone structures should be raised to BFE + freeboard, as defined in ASCE 24.
5.1.2 Retreat Adaptation Strategy
Another adaptation strategy, which virtually eliminate the risk of flooding to facilities, is to
retreat from the hazard by moving the facilities out of the area at risk for flooding. If the
buildings were moved out of the flood prone area, also referred to as “managed retreat”
from the hazard, the area within the flood plain would be restricted from future
development. For the Village, this would mean acquiring blocks of privately owned homes
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
23
near the waterfront. The flood prone areas could still be used for passive purposes such as
public parks. However, residents would be displaced, and the Village taxable area would be
reduced.
5.1.3 Floodproofing Adaptation Strategy
There are two categories of protective measures to cope with flooding without moving
buildings or structures: dry floodproofing and wet floodproofing.
Dry floodproofing reduces the probability that water will enter a structure or area by
sealing openings in advance of anticipated flood conditions. Structures must be evaluated
to ensure they could withstand increased pressures, withstand impact from debris, and
resist floatation while the surrounding area is under water. Ruggedizing the structure (e.g.
use moisture resistant building materials) may be required. FEMA funding cannot be used
for this type of protective measure in new, substantially improved, or previously damaged
structures located within flood plains. ASCE 24 permits dry-floodproofing in non-
residential structures, both new and retrofit projects, except within Flood Zone V. This type
of improvement does not usually help gain a reduction in Flood Insurance premiums. Dry
floodproofing techniques are best used as short-term measures to combat existing
conditions or in areas which only flood occasionally and for short durations. Wooden
structures are normally not good candidates for dry floodproofing. The increased buoyancy
forces on the underside of the foundation slab must be evaluated prior to implementing
this type of strategy.
Wet floodproofing allows the floodwaters to flow into and through the structure or area
without causing damage. Structures could be raised on stem walls (no additional areas of
the flood plain would be filled other than directly below the buildings). NFIP regulations
only grants premium discounts for wet flood proofing if it is used on previously damaged
or substantially improved structures that are used solely for storage or building access.
Improved areas must be evaluated to verify the openings in the structure or area are
sufficient to prevent hydrostatic pressure from the flood waters from causing damage. All
electrical connections and components would also need to be retrofitted to operate safely
under submerged conditions. Possible damage from floating debris impacting structures
should also be considered. The local flood plain administrator should be consulted prior to
implementing this strategy.
5.1.4 Minimum Finished Floor Elevations
Miami Shores current Code of Ordinances Section 6-6 (Ordinance 706-14) requires new
residential construction to have minimum finished floor elevation at the higher of:
• Eight inches above the highest abutting road crown
• The elevation specified in the Florida Building Code for structures within
Flood Hazard Areas.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
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Non-residential structures are required to have minimum finished floor elevations at the
higher of four inches above the highest abutting road crown and the Florida Building Code
elevation for structures in Flood Hazard Areas.
Miami Shores Code Section 6-12 (Ordinance 2018-
020 defines Flood Hazard Areas as all areas that
have determined to be prone to flooding, but not
subject to high velocity wave action. In areas
designated Zone AO on the Federal Flood
Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM), the lowest floor of
structures must be at least two feet above the
elevation established on the FIRM or three feet
above the highest adjacent [road] grade, if an
elevation is not established on the FIRM.
5.1.5 National Flood Insurance Program Participation
Since 2000, the Village of Miami Shores has participated in both the National Flood
Insurance Program (NFIP) and Community Rating System (CRS), which provides flood
insurance discounts on properties within the Village. In 2017, the Village had 877 policies
with premiums of $852,275 and insured values of $231 million. The policies cover
approximately 25% of the homes within the Village. Since 1978, there have been 113 flood
insurance claims filed within the Village. One property has repetitive losses. To participate
in CRS, the Village complies with certain requirements including maintaining records of
FEMA Elevation and Floodproofing Certificates, prohibiting placement of fill within the
floodplain, freeboard requirement for finished floor elevations on new buildings,
permanent off-site storage of flood and building related documents, and an annual
inspection of critical facilities located within the floodplain. As a result of the Village’s
participation in the program, residents receive discounted flood insurance thereby
lessening the risk of loss to individual property owners. In 2004, the Village had 1421
credit points, giving them a Class 8 rating resulting in a 10% discount for Special Flood
Hazard Area (SFHA, including Flood Zones A, AE, A1-A30, V, V1-V30, AO, and AH) and 5%
discount for non-SHRA (Flood Zones B, C, X, and D). For every additional 500 credits
earned by the Village, the discount will increase by 5% up to a maximum of 45%.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
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Table 2 2006 Miami Shores Village NFIP Community Rating System Scores
5.1.6 Adaptation Action Area Designation
The Florida Growth Management Act [Sections 163.3164(1) and 163.3177(6)(g)(10)]
includes an optional comprehensive plan designation for areas that are vulnerable to
coastal flooding due to extreme high tides, storm surge, and impacts of sea level rise. The
Comprehensive Plan Coastal Management Element would include a policy framework for
identifying the action areas and a mechanism for improving community resilience within
those areas. While no funding is currently targeted for areas with this designation, creation
of Adaptation Action Areas under this law would formally identify those areas within the
Village that are particularly vulnerable to flooding. Miami-Dade County’s 2015 Feasibility
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
26
Assessment found Adaption Action Areas (AAA) to be a useful tool to bridge the gap
between Vulnerability Studies and project implementation. Miami-Dade County Policy LU-
3L requires the county to work with local municipalities to identify AAA and develop
policies for adaptation and enhance funding potential for infrastructure projects within the
designated AAA.
5.2 Non-Critical Facilities
Non-critical facilities provide functions that add to the quality of life within the community,
but are not essential for public health or safety. Examples include parks and libraries.
Damage to these facilities should be minimized, but they are usually a lower priority to
protect than critical facilities.
Table 3 Non-Critical Facilities Owned by Miami Shores
As discussed in detail in the Critical Facilities section, the following strategies may be
implemented by the Village to mitigate the impacts of rising sea levels, surface water
elevations, and groundwater tables on Non-Critical Facilities.
Retreat from Hazard: Buildings would be moved out of the flood prone area, also referred
to as “managed retreat” from the hazard, and the area within the flood plain would be
restricted from future development. For the Village, this would mean acquiring blocks of
privately owned homes near the waterfront. The flood prone areas could still be used for
passive purposes such as public parks. However, residents would be displaced, and the
Village taxable area would be reduced.
Rise above Hazard: The finished floors of residential buildings would be raised to be
above the predicted flood elevation. Requiring buildings to be elevated with stem walls
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
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rather than filling entire lots reduces the impacts to the flood plain and maintains historic
drainage patterns. Buildings can be raised in their entirety or by creating a higher floor
within the existing walls and raising the roof. This option would limit damage to buildings
but would not necessarily provide a dry route for residents to access the homes during rain
events.
Dry Floodproofing: Dry floodproofing reduces the probability that water will enter a
structure or area by sealing openings in advance of anticipated flood conditions. Structures
must be evaluated to ensure they could withstand increased pressures, withstand impact
from debris, and resist floatation while the surrounding area is under water. Ruggedizing
the structure (e.g. use moisture resistant building materials) may be required. FEMA does
recognize this type of protective measure for new, substantially improved, or previously
damaged structures located within flood plains. Wooden structures are normally not good
candidates for dry floodproofing. Dry floodproofing techniques are best used as short-term
measures to combat existing conditions or in areas which only flood occasionally and for
short durations.
Wet Floodproofing: Wet floodproofing allows the floodwaters to flow into and through
the structure or area without causing damage. Structures could be raised on stem walls (no
additional areas of the flood plain would be filled other than directly below the buildings).
NFIP regulations only recognize wet flood proofing if it is on previously damaged or
substantially improved structures used solely for storage or building access. Improved
areas must be evaluated to verify the openings in the structure or area are sufficient to
prevent hydrostatic pressure from the flood waters from causing damage. All electrical
connections and components would also need to be retrofitted to operate safely under
submerged conditions. Possible damage from floating debris impacting structures should
also be considered.
5.3 Drainage System
As rain falls on the Village, much of the stormwater flows across yards and grassed areas to
the roads and gutters. The water then either enters the groundwater through exfiltration or
is discharge into surface waters such as the C-8 Canal (Biscayne Canal) and Biscayne Bay.
The Village currently has one stormwater pump, located near NE 93rd Street and N
Bayshore Drive.
Collection and Conveyance: In approximately 50% of the Village, stormwater is collected
in the gutters and roadside swales before being discharged into the aquifer or surface
waters. The remainder of the Village relies on sheet flow for stormwater conveyance where
the rainfall flows across the land. South Florida stormwater conveyance systems are
designed for moderate rainfall events (8 inches in 24 hours).
Standing floodwater is defined as “black” water; containing pollutants such as raw sewage,
petroleum and other chemicals, heavy metals and other substances harmful to humans.
These substances can be difficult to remove from porous and semi-porous materials
including uncoated concrete and soil. In addition, much of the floodwater in Miami Shores
contains salt, which kills vegetation and increases the corrosion rate of many materials. In
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
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order to reduce public health risks and reduce damage to public and privately owned
infrastructure, flood water needs to be moved quickly out of neighborhoods.
Much of Miami Shores existing stormwater conveyance system includes asphalt gutters
directing water to inlets with discharge into the C-8 Canal (Biscayne Canal) or Biscayne
Bay. High water conditions within the canal often result in reverse flow within the pipe
network resulting in roadway flooding.
Typical stormwater conveyance systems within the Village are shown below. There are
periodic inlets and percolation wells, but not always a conveyance system to direct
stormwater into those inlets.
Providing gutters along roadways will improve the stormwater conveyance rate in many
neighborhoods. Adding stormwater inlets and pipes in the neighborhoods with swales will
reduce standing water but will also eliminate the water quality benefit provided by the
swales.
Exfiltration Trenches and French Drains: This strategy has been used in areas with
localized ponding such on NE 96th Street west of NE 10th Avenue. They can reduce the
runoff to lower areas of the Village and improve water quality before it reaches the
Biscayne Bay and C-8 Canal (Biscayne Canal).
As the groundwater continues to rise, these systems will become less effective. They can be
supplemented with pumped injection wells and surface water discharge points. Water
quality treatment will need to be provided prior to pumping stormwater into either the
Biscayne Canal or Biscayne Bay. Water quality treatment can be provided by baffle boxes,
vortex devices, biological filters, or chemical treatment.
Flap Gates and Temporary Plugs on Gravity Outfalls: These strategies are in use on the
Village’s existing outfalls. Flap gates located at the downstream end of the outfalls are
frequently clogged by debris. To inspect and maintain the flap gates, someone must
physically get to the gate location and do an underwater inspection. The gates require a
certain amount of head (water height) to build up before they will open. They are prone to
being stuck in the open position by debris and need to be replaced periodically.
Views of NE 11th Avenue stormwater conveyance (left) and NE 104th Street (right)
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
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The Village currently prevents tidal water from flowing up the storm pipes by manually
placing plugs in the upstream end of the pipe within a manhole or similar structure. These
plugs are placed by Village staff in advance of king tides or other predicted high tide events
and then removed once tides have returned to normal.
5.4 Roadways
Historically, minimum roadway elevations
in Miami-Dade County are set based on the
higher of the ten-year, one-day
groundwater elevation and the five-year,
one-week groundwater elevation plus 18
inches (Dade County BCC 1959). South
Florida Water Management District current
design standards are for the roadway
crown to be at least two feet above the
basin control elevation.
The structural integrity of roads is
dependent on the base layers of compacted
soil and crushed limerock, shellrock, or
concrete. These lower layers do not have
the same weight bearing capacity when
saturated. Rising groundwater forces air
trapped in the soils beneath the pavement
toward the surface, increasing pressure on
impervious road surface and creating buoyancy issues. The roads may experience stability
issues when vehicles drive across pavement in areas with high water tables or standing
water, resulting in pavement cracks and potholes.
As shown on Figure 12 (see Appendix), Village roadways east of NE 12th Avenue are tidally
influenced today with occasional flooding by saltwater. The salt reacts with the roadway
and utility materials resulting in a reduced life expectancy and higher maintenance costs.
5.5 Sewer System
Most of the residences, businesses, and municipal facilities within the Village rely on septic
systems and drain fields for treatment and disposal of wastewater. Low-lying areas and
high-water table present difficult conditions for efficient on-site wastewater treatment.
Many of the homes adjacent to the waterfront have drain fields lower than the water
elevations within the adjacent canal. Septic system failures within the Village of Miami
Shores represent a potential public health hazard and water quality concern.
The septic systems dispose of the treated wastewater through drain fields located above
the groundwater table. As the groundwater table rises, however, the effectiveness of the
drain fields will decrease and eventually fail to operate. Prior to complete failure, the
ground above the drain field will become “mushy” from the backed up partially treated
sewage, toilets and drains will be slow flush or drain, sewage may back up into the house,
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
30
and odors will become more prevalent from the sewage becoming stagnant. Older septic
tanks may collapse or move upward, if emptied while under floodwater. Wastewater may
also contain disease causing bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Once they mix with flood
waters, it is difficult for residents to avoid contact with contaminated water. To minimize
public health risks, private septic systems should be replaced with a centralized sewer
system.
Soils in this area have high to moderate percolation rates and provide minimal biological
treatment to the septic tank effluent. The Florida Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment (FAVA)
program shows the Village falls within an area of moderate vulnerability to aquifer
contamination from land-based contamination.
Many of the septic systems in the area are past their useful life, with some already failing.
Non-functional septic systems have a high potential for environmental contamination and a
subsequent health risk to the public.
In keeping with initiatives to eliminate private septic systems throughout Florida, improve
water quality, and provide a vital public service to the community; connecting the low-lying
areas of the Village to centralized sewer will help alleviate the existing deficiency. The
Village recently entered into an agreement with Miami-Dade County for operation of the
new sewer system serving the commercial area along NE 2nd Avenue.
5.6 Seawalls
The condition and top elevation of the
existing seawalls are not adequate to protect
the Village from high water levels in
Biscayne Bay or the C-8 Canal. The
construction materials, condition, and top
elevation of the seawalls varies from
property to property. In addition, seawalls
are not present on all the low-lying
properties along the C-8 canal including the
Village owned golf course. Earlier in 2018,
the Village adopted Ordinance 2018-04
which set the minimum seawall elevation at 5.5 ft NGVD.
Most of the waterfront property in the Village is under private ownership, which includes
the majority of seawalls. Elevating the seawalls will provide additional protection from
tidal flooding but may impact the property owners view of the water. Within Flood Zone V,
ASCE 24 and Code Sections 8.5-78 and 8.5-79 allow only minor amounts of nonstructural
fill are allowed and an analysis by a registered professional is required which demonstrates
the proposed modification will not increase damage to adjacent structures. The impact of
floodwater diversion and wave runup should be included in the analysis. Another
consideration is that the foundations for existing seawalls may not be structurally adequate
to support a higher seawall, requiring the entire seawall to be rebuilt rather than just made
taller.
From Vitousek, et al., Scientific Reports, May 2017
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6 Level of Service
The next step in the Adaptation Plan
development is to determine Levels of
Service for each of the infrastructure
components. Level of Service (LOS) is the
expected infrastructure condition under
certain conditions.
High levels of flood hazard protection are
available to the Village. However, each
improvement has an associated cost. Higher LOS typically have a higher cost of
construction and a lower cost-benefit ratio. Determining the acceptable Level of Service is a
balance between the cost of protecting from a hazard and the cost of the damage resulting
from the hazard.
The following flood protection Levels of Service are established from discussions with
Village staff and from regulations, for the purpose of this study.
• Standing water on roadways up to 6 inches deep (maximum) for no longer
than 72 hours following the end of a 10-year, 24 hours storm.
• Distance from ground surface above septic tanks drain field to
groundwater must be at least 42 inches. (Chapter 64E-6, Florida
Administrative Code)
• The Village will consider, as part of the Capital Improvement Planning,
raising roads in flood susceptible areas to reflect potential sea level rise.
(Comprehensive Plan Policy 6.6)
• Standing water in habitable areas of buildings is not acceptable under any
storm event.
• Seawalls shall be constructed to a minimum elevation of 5.5 ft NGVD with a
foundation design to support a future extension to 6.5 ft NGVD (Ordinance
2018-04).
• Finished Floor elevation of buildings within flood hazard areas shall be no
lower than two feet above base flood elevation. (Ordinance 2018-02)
• The area of the Biscayne Canal (C-8) shall remain in a near natural state
where it passes through the Miami Shores Golf Course. The Village shall
mitigate any unavoidable loss of habitat along the canal bank.
(Comprehensive Plan Policy 2.7)
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7 Project Prioritization
The final step in the development of the
Adaptation Plan is prioritizing the possible
projects. This includes developing costs of
implementing the project, costs of not
improving the infrastructure, and weighing
the costs and benefits based on various
criteria important to the Village.
Working within a limited budget and in
areas already experiencing flooding emphasizes the need to get the “biggest bang for the
buck” today, while planning for the future. As the groundwater and surface water elevation
continue to rise, improvements can be constructed in the short-term with designs that will
continue to function in the long term with minor alterations. Examples include seawalls
with foundations adequate to support future heightening of the wall and mechanical
equipment installed on elevated equipment pads.
The alternatives cost analysis for the plan is based on a standard design life of 20 years,
which results in a planning year of 2038. The infrastructure is anticipated to remain
structurally sound after 20 years. However, increases in canal and groundwater elevations
are anticipated to impact the system’s effectiveness around that time.
Figure 11 Project Planning Year sea level rise. Figure source: Unified sea level projection - Southeast Florida
The cost details for the alternative strategies include the total long-term project cost
inclusive of the construction cost, operation, maintenance, and salvage value. A per-
protected-user value for each alternative was then weighted based on considerations
including whether the area was subjected to flooding, whether the project would result in a
water quality benefit, whether the community was in support of this type of project, and
whether the Village had the funds and staff to both construct and operate/maintain the
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
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facility (Long Term Cost or LTC Rating). Each category is rated 1 through 10 and the total of
all categories is used to weight the per protected user cost (see Appendix for full results).
The strategies were also evaluated using FEMA’s STAPLEE evaluation criteria. The
categories rated include Social, Technical, Administrative, Political, Legal, Economic, and
Environmental. For each category, a rating of 1, 0, or -1 is assigned. Some categories are
given more weight than others. The total of all categories is then used to weight the per
protected user cost (see Appendix for full results).
The final evaluation method used the Institute of Sustainable Infrastructure concepts and
Envision rating tools. The Envision rating system is a guide of 60 holistic sustainability
criteria that comprehensively addresses the environmental, social, and economic impacts
to sustainability in project design, construction, and operation according to five categories:
Quality of Life, Leadership, Resource Allocation, Natural World, and Climate and Risk. This
evaluation does not directly use the construction or operation and maintenance costs. The
Village may elect to have the projects certified through Envision once construction funds
have been obligated (see Appendix for full results).
The various adaptation strategies were evaluated for implementation in individual
neighborhoods. This type of implementation will minimize the length of time residents are
disrupted by construction as well as save costs by constructing the needed improvements
at one time rather than as separate contracts.
Figures depicting the model results for the entire Village are included at the end of this
report. Analyses of the predicted impacts on the most vulnerable neighborhoods are
summarized in the following sections. Although the three evaluation processes use
different criteria, the combined results give clear direction for the appropriate strategy for
each area of the Village.
7.1 Miami Shores Estates
This neighborhood is bordered by the C-8 Canal
to south, the Village golf course and spur canal
to the west, Biscayne Boulevard and a shopping
plaza to the east, and NE 107th Street to the
north. Miami Shores Estates includes 98 single
family homes, one 58-unit motel, 7100 linear
feet of roads and alleys, and 1800 linear feet of
waterfront. As shown on Figures 19 and 20 (see
Appendix), NE 10th Place is the only
ingress/egress point for the neighborhood and
is a priority road for the Village. It currently
experiences tidal flooding on the southern end
and tidal flooding will be present on more of the roadway by 2038.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
34
The Miami Shores Estates neighborhood roadways are showing signs of pavement failure,
due at least in part to the frequent flooding and high-water table. Pavement cores should be
taken before repairs are initiated to ensure the roadway base has not been compromised.
Full reconstruction of the roadways closest to the C-8 Canal (Biscayne Canal) will probably
be required to repair the existing damage.
NE 10th Ct and NE 105th Street (left) and NE 104th Street (right)
Our models indicate that approximately 30% of the neighborhood streets currently
experience flooding due to high tides. By 2033, the tidally influenced flooding will be
present on 50% of the roadways and adjacent private properties. The tidal flooding will
continue to worsen through the end of the planning period (2038).
Even when flooding is not visible on the road surface, damage can be occurring to the road
base and sub-grade, which extend 18 inches to 2.5 feet below the road surface. Road base
and sub-grade failures are often indicated by pavement cracks and potholes. As shown on
Figure 12 (see Appendix), all roads in this neighborhood are less than 2.5 feet above the
existing groundwater table. Our models (Figure 13, see Appendix) indicate that by 2038,
portions of all roadways in this neighborhood will experience over 30 days of tidal
flooding. Roadways in this area should either be raised so that the base and sub-grade are
above the groundwater or designed to withstand flooding conditions.
The performance of the existing stormwater system relies upon gravity for disposal. As
shown in Figure 14 (see Appendix), this neighborhood has four gravity outfalls into the C-8
Canal. As the groundwater and surface water levels rise, the gravity outfalls will no longer
function as intended. The rising waters flow from the canal through the stormwater pipes
and into lower areas of the neighborhood.
Much of the neighborhood waterfront, but not all, has privately owned seawalls. The
existing seawalls are at varying heights with some below the peak stages in the C-8
(Biscayne) Canal. Unlike other areas, seawalls in south Florida do not extend downward to
an impervious material, such as bedrock. Miami-Dade is underlain by porous lime rock and
the seawalls only serve to slow the water movement. Along with higher seawalls, which
will minimize storm surges and wave action, pumps should be added to the stormwater
system to drain the neighborhood at rates faster than the rainfall and seepage. To meet
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
35
regulatory requirements, a new pump system would need to include additional water
quality treatment capabilities, however. The system will also need to include an area
(below ground vault or pond) to collect the water to be pumped. The expense of
constructing and operating a pumped system will need to be weighed against the cost of
repairing flood damage and the reduced quality of life for residents during high tide events.
As shown on Figures 15 and 21 (see Appendix), we recommend the selected road, drainage,
and seawall improvements for this neighborhood be implemented in the short term
(within the next five years).
Although the neighborhood is within the North Miami Sewer service area, the homes are
served by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows the
groundwater table in the south half neighborhood is already less than 4 feet below the
ground surface, which places the septic systems at a medium risk for failure. Figure 17 (see
Appendix) shows that by the year 2038, the risk of septic system failure will be medium or
high for most of the neighborhood.
As shown on Figure 18 (see Appendix), we recommend this neighborhood be converted
from septic to sewer in the short-term (before 2023). The recommendation for this to be a
short-term action is driven by half of the septic systems being currently at medium risk for
failure and road/drainage improvements being recommended as short-term projects. It
will be more economical and less disruptive to residents to construct the roadway
improvements at the same time rather than phasing over the entire planning period.
Three strategic plans were evaluated for this neighborhood:
1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.
Roadway, septic system, and property repair costs will continue to rise through the
end of the planning period (2038).
2. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Harden Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways in the southern half of the neighborhood
will be rebuilt to withstand high water conditions. Seawalls will be raised to a
uniform elevation. Stormwater improvements will include a pumped discharge
system.
3. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Elevate Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways in the southern half of the neighborhood
will be elevated up to 18 inches above the existing road crown. Seawalls will be
raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater improvements will include a pumped
discharge system along with other improvements to maintain historic drainage
patterns within the neighborhood after the roadway is elevated. Water quality
treatment improvements will also be made to comply with regulations for the
proposed pumped stormwater discharge.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
36
The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. The
recommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and to
Harden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $3 million
for the septic to sewer conversion and $4.3 million for the stormwater, seawall, and
roadway improvements. Hardening the roads has fewer impacts to the historic drainage
patterns and adjacent properties than elevating the roads.
7.2 Anco Subdivision
This neighborhood is
bordered by the C-8 Canal to
south, Biscayne Boulevard
(US 1) to the west, Biscayne
Bay to the east, and North
Miami to the north. The
neighborhood is comprised
of multi-family condo-
miniums, townhomes and apartments. This portion of NE 105th Street is 1900 linear feet
long. The neighborhood has 1800 linear feet of waterfront.
Models indicate that flooding resulting from high tides is not currently present on the
neighborhood street. By 2033, tidally influenced flooding will begin to be observed on
parking lots and other low-lying areas along the roadways. By 2038, tidal flooding will be
present on the eastern half of the roadway.
Even when flooding is not visible on the road surface, damage can be occurring to the road
base and sub-grade which extend 18 inches to 2.5 feet below the road surface. Road base
and sub-grade failures are often indicated by pavement cracks and potholes. As shown on
Figure 12 (see Appendix), NE 105th Street is less than 2.5 feet above the existing
groundwater table. The roadway should either be raised so that the base and sub-grade are
above the groundwater or designed to withstand flooding conditions.
Water and sewer is currently provided to this neighborhood by North Miami, however
some older buildings are not connected to it. As shown on Figure 18 (see Appendix), we
recommend the remaining buildings in this neighborhood be converted from septic to
sewer in the short-term (before 2023).
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
37
Three strategic plans were evaluated for this neighborhood:
1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.
Roadway and property repair costs will continue to rise through the end of the
planning period (2038).
2. Harden Roadways. The roadway will be rebuilt to withstand high water conditions.
Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater improvements will
include a pumped discharge system.
3. Elevate Roadway. The roadway will be elevated up to 18 inches above the existing
road crown. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system along with other
improvements to maintain historic drainage patterns within the neighborhood after
the roadway is elevated. Water quality treatment improvements will also be made
to comply with regulations for the proposed pumped stormwater discharge.
The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. The
recommended strategy for this neighborhood is to eventually harden the roadway as a
long-term strategy. Hardening the roads is recommended over elevating the roads because
it has fewer impacts to the historic drainage patterns. Budget estimates for implementation
is $2 million for the stormwater, seawall, and roadway improvements.
7.3 Eveningside Subdivision
This neighborhood is bordered by the
C-8 Canal to north, Biscayne Boulevard
(US 1) to the east, the Village golf
course the west, and Miami Shores
Aquatic Center on the south. The
neighborhood is comprised of 25
single-family homes, 1000 linear feet of
roadway, and 1300 linear feet of waterfront
Our models indicate that the neighborhood street is not currently flooded by high tides. In
2048, tidal flooding will still not be present on the roadway surface.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
38
Even when flooding is not visible on the road surface, however, damage can be occurring to
the road base and sub-grade which extend 18 inches to 2.5 feet below the road surface.
Road base and sub-grade failures are often indicated by pavement cracks and potholes. As
shown on Figure 12 (see Appendix), the road in this neighborhood is less than 2.5 feet
above the existing groundwater table. NE 104th Street should either be raised so that the
base and sub-grade are above the groundwater or designed to withstand flooding
conditions.
Although the neighborhood is within the Miami-Dade Utilities service area, the homes are
served by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows the
groundwater table in the western half neighborhood is already less than 4 feet below the
ground surface, which places the septic systems at a medium risk for failure. Figure 17 (see
Appendix) shows that by the year 2038, the risk of septic system failure will be medium for
most of the neighborhood.
As shown on Figure 18 (see Appendix), we recommend this neighborhood be converted
from septic to sewer in the short-term (before 2023). The recommendation for this to be a
short-term action is driven by half of the septic systems being currently at medium risk for
failure and road/drainage improvements being recommended as short-term projects. It
will be more economical and less disruptive to residents to construct the roadway
improvements at the same time rather than phasing over the entire planning period.
Three strategic plans were evaluated for this neighborhood:
1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.
Roadway, septic system, and property repair costs will continue to rise through the
end of the planning period (2038).
2. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Harden Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways in the southern half of the neighborhood
will be rebuilt to withstand high water conditions. Seawalls will be raised to a
uniform elevation. Stormwater improvements will include a pumped discharge
system.
3. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Elevate Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways in the southern half of the neighborhood
will be elevated up to 18 inches above the existing road crown. Seawalls will be
raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater improvements will include a pumped
discharge system along with other improvements to maintain historic drainage
patterns within the neighborhood after the roadway is elevated. Water quality
treatment improvements will also be made to comply with regulations for the
proposed pumped stormwater discharge.
The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. The
recommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and to
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
39
Harden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $1.25
million for the septic to sewer conversion and $2.75 million for the stormwater, seawall,
and roadway improvements.
7.4 River Bay Park Area
This neighborhood is bordered by the
C-8 Canal to north, Biscayne Bay to
the east, NE 12th Avenue to the west,
and NE 100th Street on the south. The
neighborhood is comprised of 168
single-family homes, 10650 linear
feet of roadway, and 8200 linear feet
of waterfront.
Models indicate that the eastern end
of NE 104th Street is currently flooded
by high tides. By 2033, almost all of NE 104th Street east of 12th Avenue will experience
tidal flooding. By 2048, tidal flooding will be present on most roads in the area. NE 104th
Street already has numerous traverse, longitudinal, and fatigue (alligator) cracking
indicating the road sub-grade has failed.
Even when flooding is not visible on the road surface, damage can be occurring to the road
base and sub-grade which extend 18 inches to 2.5 feet below the road surface. Road base
and sub-grade failures are often indicated by pavement cracks and potholes. As shown on
Figure 12 (see Appendix), the road in this neighborhood is less than 2.5 feet above the
existing groundwater table. The conditions will continue to worsen through 2038.
Roadways in this area should either be raised so that the base and sub-grade are above the
groundwater or designed to withstand flooding conditions.
Although the neighborhood is within the Miami-Dade Utilities service area, the homes are
served by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows the
groundwater table in the eastern half neighborhood is already less than 4 feet below the
ground surface, which places the septic systems at a medium and high risks for failure.
Figure 17 (see Appendix) shows that by the year 2038, the risk of septic system failure will
be medium or high for most of the neighborhood.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
40
As shown on Figure 18 (see Appendix), we recommend this neighborhood be converted
from septic to sewer in the short-term (before 2023). The recommendation for this to be a
short-term action is driven by half of the septic systems being currently at medium risk for
failure and road/drainage improvements being recommended to prevent additional
roadbed damage. It will be more economical and less disruptive to residents to construct
the roadway improvements at the same time rather than phasing over the entire planning
period.
Three strategic plans were evaluated for this neighborhood:
1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.
Roadways, septic systems, and property repair costs will continue to rise through
the end of the planning period (2038).
2. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Harden Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be rebuilt to withstand high water
conditions. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system.
3. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Elevate Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be elevated up to 12 inches above the
existing road crown. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system along with other
improvements to maintain historic drainage patterns within the neighborhood after
the roadway is elevated. Water quality treatment improvements will also be made
to comply with regulations for the proposed pumped stormwater discharge.
The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. The
recommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and to
Harden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $6.7
million for the septic to sewer conversion and $5.1 million for the stormwater, seawall, and
roadway improvements.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
41
7.5 Earleton Shores Area
This neighborhood is bordered by the NE 100th St to north, Biscayne Bay to the east, NE
12th Avenue to the west, and NE 97th on the south. The neighborhood is comprised of 74
single-family homes, 5000 linear feet of roadway, and 1030 linear feet of waterfront.
Our models indicate that flooding from high tides is not
currently present on the roadways within this
neighborhood, however discussions with Village staff
indicate that the catch basins are filling during king tides
and flooding may be imminent. The models show that by
2033, NE 12th Avenue and the eastern ends of adjacent
roads will begin to experience tidal flooding. By 2048,
tidal flooding will be present on half of roads in the area.
Even when flooding is not visible on the road surface,
damage can be occurring to the road base and sub-grade
which extend 18 inches to 2.5 feet below the road
surface. Road base and sub-grade failures are often indicated by pavement cracks and
potholes. As shown on Figure 12 (see Appendix), the roads in this neighborhood are less
than 2.5 feet above the existing groundwater table. The conditions will continue to worsen
through 2038. Roadways in this area should either be raised so that the base and sub-grade
are above the groundwater or designed to withstand flooding conditions.
Although the neighborhood is within the Miami-Dade Utilities service area, the homes are
served by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows the
groundwater table in the eastern half neighborhood is already less than 4 feet below the
ground surface, which places the septic systems at a medium risk for failure. Figure 17 (see
Appendix) shows that by the year 2038, the risk of septic system failure will be medium or
high for most of the neighborhood.
As shown on Figure 18 (see Appendix), we recommend this neighborhood be converted
from septic to sewer in the short-term (before 2023). The recommendation for this to be a
short-term action is driven by the septic systems currently being at medium risk for failure
and road/drainage improvements being needed to prevent additional roadbed damage. It
will be more economical and less disruptive to residents to construct the roadway
improvements at the same time rather than phasing over the entire planning period.
Three strategic plans were evaluated for this neighborhood:
1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.
Roadways, septic systems, and property repair costs will continue to rise through
the end of the planning period (2038).
2. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Harden Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be rebuilt to withstand high water
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
42
conditions. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system.
3. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Elevate Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be elevated up to 12 inches above the
existing road crown. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system along with other
improvements to maintain historic drainage patterns within the neighborhood after
the roadway is elevated. Water quality treatment improvements will also be made
to comply with regulations for the proposed pumped stormwater discharge.
The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. The
recommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and to
Harden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $3.7
million for the septic to sewer conversion and $2.4 million for the stormwater, seawall, and
roadway improvements.
7.6 North Bayshore Park Area
This neighborhood is bordered by the River Bay Park
Area to north, Biscayne Bay to the east, NE 12th Avenue
to the west, and North Bayshore Park Area on the
south. The neighborhood is comprised of 60 single-
family homes, 5400 linear feet of roadway, and 1900
linear feet of waterfront.
Our models indicate that flooding from high tides is
not currently present on the roadways within this
neighborhood. By 2033, the eastern end of NE 94th
Street will begin to experience tidal flooding. By 2048,
tidal flooding will be present on the roads in the eastern half of the area.
Even when flooding is not visible on the road surface, damage can be occurring to the road
base and sub-grade which extend 18 inches to 2.5 feet below the road surface. Road base
and sub-grade failures are often indicated by pavement cracks and potholes. As shown on
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
43
Figure 12 (see Appendix), the roads in this neighborhood are less than 2.5 feet above the
existing groundwater table. The conditions will continue to worsen through 2038.
Roadways in this area should either be raised so that the base and sub-grade are above the
groundwater or designed to withstand flooding conditions.
Although the neighborhood is within the Miami-Dade Utilities service area, the homes are
served by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows the
groundwater table in the eastern half neighborhood is already less than 4 feet below the
ground surface, which places the septic systems at a medium risk for failure. The septic
systems near the intersection of NE 94th Street and N Bayshore Drive are currently at high
risk for failure. Figure 17 (see Appendix) shows that by the year 2038, the risk of septic
system failure will be medium or high for most of the neighborhood.
As shown on Figure 18 (see Appendix), we recommend this neighborhood be converted
from septic to sewer in the short-term (before 2023). The recommendation for this to be a
short-term action is driven by the septic systems currently being at medium risk for failure
and road/drainage improvements being needed to prevent additional roadbed damage. It
will be more economical and less disruptive to residents to construct the roadway
improvements at the same time rather than phasing over the entire planning period.
Three strategic plans were evaluated for this neighborhood:
1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.
Roadways, septic systems, and property repair costs will continue to rise through
the end of the planning period (2038).
2. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Harden Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be rebuilt to withstand high water
conditions. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system.
3. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Elevate Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be elevated up to 12 inches above the
existing road crown. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system along with other
improvements to maintain historic drainage patterns within the neighborhood after
the roadway is elevated. Water quality treatment improvements will also be made
to comply with regulations for the proposed pumped stormwater discharge.
The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. The
recommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and to
Harden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $3 million
for the septic to sewer conversion and $3.2 million for the stormwater, seawall, and
roadway improvements. The Village should budget another $2 million for improvements to
North Bayside Park including a higher seawall and raised trail with ADA access.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
44
7.7 Watersedge
This neighborhood is bordered by
the North Bayshore Park Area to
north, Biscayne Bay to the east, NE
12th Avenue to the west, and by
unincorporated Miami-Dade County
on the south. The neighborhood is
comprised of 111 single-family
homes, 7700 linear feet of roadway,
and 1900 linear feet of waterfront.
Models indicate that flooding from
high tides is currently present on
limited portions of the neighborhood roadways. By 2033, most of the roads will experience
some tidal flooding. By 2048, tidal flooding will be present on all the roads and extend onto
private properties. This area already has a pump system with a generator to manage
storwater.
Even when flooding is not visible on the road surface, damage can be occurring to the road
base and sub-grade which extend 18 inches to 2.5 feet below the road surface. Road base
and sub-grade failures are often indicated by pavement cracks and potholes. As shown on
Figure 12 (see Appendix), the roads in this neighborhood are less than 2.5 feet above the
existing groundwater table. The conditions will continue to worsen through 2038.
Roadways in this area should either be raised so that the base and sub-grade are above the
groundwater or designed to withstand flooding conditions.
Although the neighborhood is within the Miami-Dade Utilities service area, the homes are
served by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows the
groundwater table in the eastern half neighborhood is already less than 4 feet below the
ground surface, which places the septic systems at a medium and high risk for failure.
Figure 17 (see Appendix) shows that by the year 2038, the risk of septic system failure will
be high for a large portion of the neighborhood.
As shown on Figure 18 (see Appendix), we recommend this neighborhood be converted
from septic to sewer in the short-term (before 2023). The recommendation for this to be a
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
45
short-term action is driven by the septic systems currently being at medium risk for failure
and road/drainage improvements being needed to prevent additional roadbed damage. It
will be more economical and less disruptive to residents to construct the roadway
improvements at the same time rather than phasing over the entire planning period.
Three strategic plans were evaluated for this neighborhood:
1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.
Roadways, septic systems, and property repair costs will continue to rise through
the end of the planning period (2038).
2. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Harden Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be rebuilt to withstand high water
conditions. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system. This neighborhood has an
existing stormwater pump which will be enhanced as part of the proposed
stormwater improvements.
3. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Elevate Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be elevated up to 12 inches above the
existing road crown. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system along with other
improvements to maintain historic drainage patterns within the neighborhood after
the roadway is elevated. Water quality treatment improvements will also be made
to comply with regulations for the proposed pumped stormwater discharge. This
neighborhood has an existing stormwater pump which will be enhanced as part of
the proposed stormwater improvements.
The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. The
recommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and to
Harden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $5.5
million for the septic to sewer conversion and $2 million for the stormwater, seawall, and
roadway improvements. Costs are in 2018 dollars.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
46
7.8 Belvedere Park Area
This neighborhood is bordered by the North Bayshore
Park Area to north, Biscayne Bay to the east, NE 12th
Avenue to the west, and by unincorporated Miami-Dade
County. The neighborhood is comprised of 21 single-
family homes and 2100 linear feet of roadway.
Our models indicate that flooding from high tides is not
currently present on neighborhood roadways. In 2048,
tidal flooding will still not be present on the roads.
Even when flooding is not visible on the road surface,
damage can be occurring to the road base and sub-grade
which extend 18 inches to 2.5 feet below the road
surface. Road base and sub-grade failures are often
indicated by pavement cracks and potholes. As shown on Figure 12 (see Appendix), the
roads in this neighborhood are less than 2.5 feet above the existing groundwater table. The
conditions will continue to worsen through 2038. Roadways in this area should either be
raised so that the base and sub-grade are above the groundwater or designed to withstand
flooding conditions.
Although the neighborhood is within the Miami-Dade Utilities service area, the homes are
served by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows the
groundwater table in the central portion of this neighborhood is already less than 4 feet
below the ground surface, which places the septic systems at a medium risk for failure.
Figure 17 (see Appendix) shows that by the year 2038, the risk of septic system failure will
be slightly higher.
As shown on Figure 18 (see Appendix), we recommend this neighborhood be converted
from septic to sewer in the short-term (before 2023). The recommendation for this to be a
short-term action is driven by the septic systems currently being at medium risk for failure
and road/drainage improvements being needed to prevent additional roadbed damage. It
will be more economical and less disruptive to residents to construct the roadway
improvements at the same time rather than phasing over the entire planning period.
Three strategic plans were evaluated for this neighborhood:
1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.
Roadways, septic systems, and property repair costs will continue to rise through
the end of the planning period (2038).
2. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Harden Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be rebuilt to withstand high water
conditions. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
47
3. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Elevate Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be elevated up to 12 inches above the
existing road crown. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system along with other
improvements to maintain historic drainage patterns within the neighborhood after
the roadway is elevated.
The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. The
recommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and to
Harden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $1.1
million for the septic to sewer conversion and $3 million for the stormwater and roadway
improvements. Costs are in 2018 dollars.
7.9 Biscayne Blvd East Area
This neighborhood is bordered by the
North Bayshore Park Area to north,
Biscayne Bay to the east, NE 12th Avenue to
the west, and by unincorporated Miami-
Dade County. The neighborhood is
comprised of 225 single-family homes,
25,600 linear feet of roadway, and 325 feet
of waterfront.
Our models indicate that flooding from
high tides is not currently present on
neighborhood roadways. In 2048, tidal
flooding will still not be present on the
roads.
Even when flooding is not visible on the
road surface, damage can be occurring to
the road base and sub-grade which extend
18 inches to 2.5 feet below the road
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
48
surface. Road base and sub-grade failures are often indicated by pavement cracks and
potholes. As shown on Figure 12 (see Appendix), the roads in this neighborhood are
currently more than 2.5 feet above the existing groundwater table. By 2038, approximately
40% of the roadways will be impacted by high water tables. In the long-term, roadways in
this area should either be raised so that the base and sub-grade are above the groundwater
or designed to withstand flooding conditions.
Although the neighborhood is within the Miami-Dade Utilities service area, the homes are
served by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows the
groundwater table between NE 98th St and NE 102nd is already less than 4 feet below the
ground surface, which places the septic systems at a medium risk for failure. Figure 17 (see
Appendix) shows that by the year 2038, the risk of septic system failure will be slightly
higher.
As shown on Figure 18 (see Appendix), we recommend this neighborhood be converted
from septic to sewer in the long-term (before 2038). The recommendation for this to be a
short-term action is driven by the septic systems currently being at medium risk for failure
and road/drainage improvements eventually being needed to prevent additional roadbed
damage. It will be more economical and less disruptive to residents to construct the
roadway improvements at the same time rather than phasing over the entire planning
period.
Three strategic plans were evaluated for this neighborhood:
1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.
Roadways, septic systems, and property repair costs will continue to rise through
the end of the planning period (2038).
2. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Harden Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be rebuilt to withstand high water
conditions. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system.
3. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Elevate Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be elevated up to 12 inches above the
existing road crown. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system along with other
improvements to maintain historic drainage patterns within the neighborhood after
the roadway is elevated.
The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. The
recommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and to
Harden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $11.25
million for the septic to sewer conversion and $8.3 million for the stormwater and roadway
improvements. Costs are in 2018 dollars.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
49
7.10 Sections 2 and 4
This neighborhood is bordered by the North
Bayshore Park Area to north, Biscayne Bay to
the east, NE 12th Avenue to the west, and by
unincorporated Miami-Dade County. The
neighborhood is comprised of 102 single-
family homes and 13,200 linear feet of
roadway.
Our models indicate that flooding from high
tides is not currently present on neighborhood
roadways. In 2048, tidal flooding will still not
be present on the roads.
Even when flooding is not visible on the road
surface, damage can be occurring to the road base and sub-grade which extend 18 inches to
2.5 feet below the road surface. Road base and sub-grade failures are often indicated by
pavement cracks and potholes. As shown on Figure 12 (see Appendix), the roads in this
neighborhood are currently more than 2.5 feet above the existing groundwater table. By
2038, a segment of Grand Concourse and roadways near the Community Center will be
impacted by high water tables. In the long-term, roadways in this area should either be
raised so that the base and sub-grade are above the groundwater or designed to withstand
flooding conditions.
Although the neighborhood is within the Miami-Dade Utilities service area, the homes are
served by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows the
groundwater table in portions of the area already less than 4 feet below the ground surface,
which places the septic systems at a medium risk for failure. Figure 17 (see Appendix)
shows that by the year 2038, approximately 30% of the area will be at medium risk of
septic system failure.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
50
As shown on Figure 18 (see Appendix), we recommend this neighborhood be converted
from septic to sewer in the long-term (before 2038). The recommendation for this to be a
long-term action is driven by the septic systems currently being at low risk for failure.
Three strategic plans were evaluated for this neighborhood:
1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.
Roadways, septic systems, and property repair costs will continue to rise through
the end of the planning period (2038).
2. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Harden Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be rebuilt to withstand high water
conditions. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system.
3. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Elevate Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be elevated up to 12 inches above the
existing road crown. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system along with other
improvements to maintain historic drainage patterns within the neighborhood after
the roadway is elevated.
The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. The
recommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and to
Harden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $5.1
million for the septic to sewer conversion and $6.4 million for the stormwater and roadway
improvements. Costs are in 2018 dollars.
7.11 Golf View Estates
This neighborhood is bordered by the North Bayshore Park Area to north, Biscayne Bay to
the east, NE 12th Avenue to the west, and by unincorporated Miami-Dade County. The
neighborhood is comprised of 17 single-family homes and 560 linear feet of roadway.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
51
Our models indicate that flooding from high tides is not currently present on neighborhood
roadways. In 2048, tidal flooding will still not be present on the roads.
Even when flooding is not visible on the road
surface, damage can be occurring to the road
base and sub-grade which extend 18 inches to
2.5 feet below the road surface. Road base and
sub-grade failures are often indicated by
pavement cracks and potholes. As shown on
Figure 11 (see Appendix), the road in this
neighborhood is currently more than 2.5 feet
above the existing groundwater table. By
2038, the roadway base will still not be
impacted by high groundwater conditions.
Although the neighborhood is within the
Miami-Dade Utilities service area, the homes
are served by privately owned septic systems.
Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows the groundwater table in the adjacent golf course is
already less than 4 feet below the ground surface. Figure 17 (see Appendix) shows that by
the year 2038, the eastern end of the neighborhood will be at medium risk of septic system
failure.
As shown on Figure 18 (see Appendix), we recommend this neighborhood be converted
from septic to sewer in the long-term (before 2038). The recommendation for this to be a
long-term action is driven by the septic systems currently being at low risk for failure.
Three strategic plans were evaluated for this neighborhood:
1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.
Roadways, septic systems, and property repair costs will continue to rise through
the end of the planning period (2038).
2. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Harden Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be rebuilt to withstand high water
conditions. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system.
3. Septic to Sewer Conversion and Elevate Roadways. All parcels will be connected
to a centralized sewer system. Roadways will be elevated up to 12 inches above the
existing road crown. Seawalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater
improvements will include a pumped discharge system along with other
improvements to maintain historic drainage patterns within the neighborhood after
the roadway is elevated.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
52
The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. The
recommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and to
Harden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $1 million
for the septic to sewer conversion and $2.4 million for the stormwater and roadway
improvements. Costs are in 2018 dollars.
8 Adaptation Plan
The final step of this process is to adopt and
implement the Adaptation Plan.
Implementation is only possible with funding
for the plan components.
Certain areas of the Village are already
experiencing flooding impacts, while our
models show other areas will begin to
experience impacts within the planning
period (by the year 2038). Those areas that are currently experiencing damage are
recommended for implementation in the next five years (short-term). Other projects are
recommended for implementation in the next twenty year (long-term). These
recommendations are based on the best data and models currently available. As part of the
Capital Improvement Program planning, we recommend the Village include periodic
updates of the NOAA sea level rise forecasts over time and adjust the implementation
schedule accordingly, as sea level may be rising faster or slower in South Florida than
model predictions in 2018.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
53
Table 4 Recommended Capital Projects for Sea Level Rise Adaptation Plan Implementation
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
54
8.1 Critical Facilities
8.1.1 Short-Term
Dry flood proofing of the police station with
retractable barriers and impermeable coatings
less than two feet above the base flood
elevation. Require any remodeling or repairs
below the base flood elevation to utilize flood
damage resistant materials.
8.1.2 Long-Term
Raise finished floor elevations within Flood
Hazard Areas to comply with the current
Florida Building Code, which references ASCE
24. The will require critical facilities to be
elevated or protected to two feet above the
base flood elevation, which varies from 8 ft
NGVD to 11 ft NGVD in the flood prone areas of Miami Shores. Non-critical facilities
will be required to be at a minimum of one foot above the base flood elevation. Code
requirements allow parking and storage areas within critical facilities to remain
below those elevations, but no lower than the nearest roadway. However,
emergency personnel need access to operating vehicles even during flood events
and may also need materials in the storage areas. The needs of emergency
personnel should be considered in determining whether parking and storage areas
should be above the minimum elevation required by code.
Critical facilities should also be a minimum of 18 inches above the nearest paved
roadway crown, which is not an evacuation route. If the facility is on an unpaved
road, the finished floor should be at least 24 inches above the roadway.
Current South Florida Water Management requirements are for buildings to be
above the stage resulting from the 100-year, 3-day storm event with no off-site
discharge. Although the existing facilities are not required to meet this standard, the
stage should be determined and compared to the minimum elevations listed in the
preceding paragraphs. The facilities should be raised to the highest of the three
elevations.
8.2 Drainage and Roadways
8.2.1 Short-Term
High priority, short-term roadway projects are recommended for the Miami Shores
Estates neighborhood and the roadways, which parallel Biscayne Bay. Damaged
roadways can either be reconstructed with materials able to withstand long period
of standing water or be raised so that the sub-grade is above the water table. A
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
55
preliminary evaluation indicates the
roadways need to be raise 12 to 18
inches above existing grade to be
protected from the rising groundwater
or be hardened to withstand flooding
conditions.
The construction cost for the two
adaptation strategies is similar. The
elevated roadways would meet the
Village’s Level of Service by not having standing water on the roadway. However,
the adjacent private properties would no longer be above the road as required by
Village code requirements for new construction. Hardening the roadway would
leave residents driving and walking through flood water, but would lessen the
roadway repair costs. Improving the existing gravity drainage system to incorporate
pumps in conjunction with the road hardening will decrease the depth and duration
of standing water.
8.2.2 Long-Term
Long-term projects are recommended for the neighborhoods farther inland, which
are not currently experiencing damage resulting from high groundwater tables or
tidal flooding, such as the area between Biscayne Boulevard and NE 12th Avenue,
Sections 2 and 4, and Golf View. Because none of these areas are expected to
experience tidal flooding, hardening the roadway will result in decreased
maintenance costs while maintaining the look of the neighborhoods.
8.3 Sewer System
8.3.1 Short-Term
Septic-to-sewer conversion is important to
all flood prone areas in Miami Shores. To
make the conversion a success, the network
of existing gravity and pressure lines must
be evaluated to determine the most cost
effective and efficient order in which to
convert neighborhoods. Development of a
Sewer Master Facility Plan for septic to
sewer conversion will cover details of the
conversion and is a requirement of many
state and federal grants. Short-term priority
neighborhoods for the conversion include
Miami Shores Estates, which is within the
North Miami service area. The other short-
term priority is the conversion of Source: City of Ft. Lauderdale
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
56
neighborhoods along the Biscayne Canal and Biscayne Bay.
8.3.2 Long-Term
Long-term goals are to convert the remaining areas of the Village to central sewer.
The conversion can be phased and implemented as roadway repairs are needed.
Average cost of design and construction for the conversion is $50,000 per home in
southern Florida.
8.4 Seawalls
8.4.1 Short-Term
Revise Code of Ordinance Division 23
(Ordinance 2018-04) to include a date
by which all properties need to comply
with minimum sea wall elevation.
Estimated cost: $500/linear foot for
seawalls.
8.4.2 Long-Term
Evaluate sea level elevation every five
years and re-examine minimum seawall elevation. Revise ordinance when sea levels
are within two feet of minimum seawall elevation.
9 Funding Strategies
Funding assistance for other Stormwater subprojects may be through FDEP’s Clean Water
Act Section 319 Grants, FDEP TMDL Grants, State Revolving Fund Grants and Loans, FEMA
Grants, Community Development Block Grants, Water Pollution Control Bonds, USACE
Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Program, SFWMD Cooperative Funding Program for
Surface Water Improvements, Special Taxing Districts, and future legislative
appropriations.
10 References
American Society of Civil Engineers, Flood Resistant Design and Construction, ASCE 24-14
Arthur, Baker, Cichon, Wood, and Rudin; 2005, Florida Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment
(FAVA): Contamination Potential of Florida’s Principal Aquifer Systems; FAVA final
dep report.
Caribbean Handbook on Risk Information Management; www.charim.net
Cooper, Richard M; and Lane, Jim; 1987, Technical Memorandum: An Atlas of Eastern Dade
County Surface Water Management Basins.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
57
FEMA, July 2013, Floodproofing Non-Residential Buildings, FEMA P-936.
FEMA, September 2015, Reducing Flood Risk to Residential Buildings That Cannot Be
Elevation, FEMA P-1037.
Fish, Johnnie E and Stewart, Mark; Hydrogeology of the Surficial Aquifer System, Dade
County, Florida, USGS Report 90-4108.
Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Chapter 62-25, 62-40.431, 62-304, and
62-330 Florida Administrative Code.
Florida Sea Grant Sea Level Rise in Florida. Available at:
https://www.flseagrant.org/climate-change/sea-level-rise/
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Unified Land Development Regulations, Chapter 47, Article III,
Section 47-19.3.
Frazier, T. G., Wood, N., Yarnal, B., & Bauer, D. H. (2010). Influence of potential sea level rise
on societal vulnerability to hurricane storm-surge hazards, Sarasota County, Florida.
Applied Geography, 30(4), 490-505.
Hughes and White, Hydrologic Conditions in Urban Miami-Dade County, Florida and the
Effect of Groundwater Pumpage and Increased Sea Level on Canal Leakage and
Regional Groundwater Flow, USGS Report 2014-5162.
Miami Beach, Florida, City Code, Chapter 66, Article VI, Section 66-155.
Miami Beach Rising Above, 2018. Available at: http://www.mbrisingabove.com/climate-
adaptation/public-infrastructure/
Miami Dade County, October 2011, Urban Design Manual, Volume II
Miami-Dade Local Mitigation Strategy, January 2015.
National Hurricane Center (NHC), Tropical Cyclone Climatology. Available at
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/climo/
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 2017: Sea, Lake, and Overland
Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH). Available at:
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/slosh.php
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Separate Storm Sewer
Systems (MS4) Permit No. FLS000003.
Rojas, Moira; Florida Department of Environmental Protection; May 16, 2012; Final TMDL
Report:Fecal Coliform TMDLs for C-8 (Biscayne) Canal (WBID 3285), C-7 (Little River)
Canal (WBID 3287), C-6 (Miami River) Canal (WBID 3288), C-6 (Miami River) Lower
Segment (WBID 3288B), and C-6 (Miami) Canal (WBID 3290).
Shepard, C. C., Agostini, V. N., Gilmer, B., Allen, T., Stone, J., Brooks, W., & Beck, M. W. (2012).
Assessing future risk: Quantifying the effects of sea level rise on storm surge risk for the
southern shores of Long Island, New York. Natural Hazards, 60(2), 727-745.
SFWMD Operation Control Center Structure Books
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
58
Southeast Florida Regional Compact Climate Change, Sea Level Rise Work Group, October
2015, Unified Sea Level Rise Projection.
Sweet, W. V., Park, J. C., Marra, J. J., Zervas, C. E., & Gill, S. K. (2014). Sea level rise and
nuisance flood frequency changes around the United States.
Sweet, W. V., & Park, J. (2014). From the extreme to the mean: Acceleration and tipping
points of coastal inundation from sea level rise. Earth's Future, 2(12), 579- 600.
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Soil Conservation Service, 1989, Soil Survey of
Miami-Dade County, Florida.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), October 2016, Community Solutions for
Stormwater Management: A Guide for Voluntary Long-Term Planning.
11 Appendix
Table 5 Miami Shores Adaptation Plan Envision Rating System Pre-Analysis:
Evaluation Matrix
The Institute of Sustainable Infrastructure's Envision rating system is a guide of 60 holistic
sustainability criteria that comprehensively addresses the environmental, social, and
economic impacts to sustainability in project design, construction, and operation.
Table 6 Miami Shores Adaptation Plan Long Term Cost Analysis: Evaluation Matrix
The total long-term project costs inclusive of construction cost, operation, maintenance, and
salvage value. The total of all categories is then used to weight the per protected user cost.
Table 7 Miami Shores Adaptation Plan STAPLEE Evaluation Matrix
FEMA’s STAPLEE evaluation criteria includes Social, Technical, Administrative, Political,
Legal, Economic, and Environmental ratings. For each category, a rating of 1, 0, or -1 is
assigned. Some categories are given more weight than others.
Figure 12 Miami Shores Existing Road Conditions 2018
Map indicating location and frequency of roads that are currently exposed to tidal flooding of
6 inches or more in 2018 or are being undermined by ground water coming within 2.5 feet of
the roadbed, according to Coastal Risk modeling.
Figure 13 Miami Shores Future Road Conditions 2038
Map showing location and frequency of roads that will be exposed to 6 inches or more of tidal
flooding or high ground water levels within 2.5 feet of the roadbed in 2038, according to
Coastal Risk modeling.
Figure 14 Miami Shores Existing Stormwater Faciities 2018
Map showing the location of stormwater management infrastructure in Miami Shores Village.
Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study
59
Figure 15 Miami Shores Recommended Road and Drainage Improvements
Map indicating locations for recommended short- (0-5 year) and long-term (20 year)
adaptation measures: road bed improvements and injection wells and pumps for drainage.
Figure 16 Miami Shores Existing Septic/Sewer Conditions 2018
Map showing existing sewers system and risk level for existing septic tanks due to high ground
water in 2018. According to Coastal Risk models, the high risk areas have seasonally high
ground water within than 0.5 of the surface, which impairs septic tank functioning. Moderate
risk areas have 0.5-3.5 feet clearance and low risk areas have more than 3.5 feet.
Figure 17 Miami Shores Future Septic/Sewer Conditions 2038
Map showing location of existing sewers system and risk level for existing septic tanks due to
high ground water in 2038. According to Coastal Risk models, the high risk areas will have
seasonally high ground water within than 0.5 of the surface, which impairs septic tank
functioning. Moderate risk areas will have 0.5-3.5 feet clearance and low risk areas will have
more than 3.5 feet.
Figure 18 Miami Shores Recommended Septic-to-Sewer Improvements
Map showing the location of existing sewer systems in 2018 and areas recommended for
short-term (within 5 years) conversion from septic to sewer and long-term (20 years)
conversion, both residential and commercial.
Figure 19 Miami Shores Existing Critical Facilities 2018
Map showing location of critical facilities throughout Miami Shores and roads identified by
municipal staff as priority access routes, and areas impacted by tidal flooding in 2018
according to Coastal Risk models.
Figure 20 Miami Shores Future Critical Facilities 2038
Map showing location of critical facilities throughout Miami Shores and roads identified by
municipal staff as priority access routes, and areas impacted by tidal flooding in 2038,
according to Coastal Risk modeling.
Figure 21 Miami Shores Recommended Critical Facilities and Seawall Improvements
Map showing location of seawalls recommended for short-term (0-5 years) and long-term (20
years) improvements and roads for short-term and long-term upgrades.
Figure 22 Miami Shores Existing Seawalls 2018
Map indicating the location of public and private seawalls in Miami Shores in 2018.
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a
i
l
a
b
l
e
We
i
g
h
t
e
d
C
o
s
t
pe
r
H
o
m
e
Rank
MI
A
M
I
S
H
O
R
E
S
E
S
T
A
T
E
S
1N
o
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
1
3
0
,
0
0
0
$
1
0
1
0
5
1
84
5
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
Low
2S
e
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
o
a
d
1
2
0
,
0
0
0
$
2
5
3
1
33
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
High
3
Se
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
E
l
e
v
a
t
e
R
o
a
d
s
13
0
,
0
0
0
$
2
3
7
1
42
2
,
5
0
0
.
0
0
$
Mid
AN
C
O
S
U
B
D
I
V
I
S
I
O
N
4N
o
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
2
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
8
5
1
1
75
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
High
5H
a
r
d
e
n
R
o
a
d
4
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
3
5
5
1
14
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
Low
6
El
e
v
a
t
e
R
o
a
d
30
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
2
5
3
1
82
,
5
0
0
.
0
0
$
Mid
EV
E
N
I
N
G
S
I
D
E
7N
o
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
4
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
8
1
0
5
1
24
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
High
8S
e
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
o
a
d
1
5
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
3
2
3
1
33
7
,
5
0
0
.
0
0
$
Mid
9
Se
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n
R
o
a
d
21
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
2
2
7
1
63
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
Low
RI
V
E
R
B
A
Y
P
A
R
K
10
N
o
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
5
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
6
1
0
8
1
31
2
,
5
0
0
.
0
0
$
Low
11
S
e
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
o
a
d
s
7
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
6
5
5
1
29
7
,
5
0
0
.
0
0
$
Mid
12
Se
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
E
l
e
v
a
t
e
R
o
a
d
s
60
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
2
5
8
1
24
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
High
EA
R
L
E
T
O
N
S
H
O
R
E
S
13
N
o
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
5
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
5
1
0
7
1
28
7
,
5
0
0
.
0
0
$
Low
14
S
e
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
o
a
d
s
8
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
5
5
3
1
28
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
High
15
Se
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
E
l
e
v
a
t
e
R
o
a
d
s
90
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
2
3
7
1
29
2
,
5
0
0
.
0
0
$
Mid
NO
R
T
H
B
A
Y
S
H
O
R
E
16
N
o
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
6
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
5
1
0
7
1
34
5
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
Low
17
S
e
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
o
a
d
s
1
0
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
5
5
3
1
35
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
Mid
18
Se
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
E
l
e
v
a
t
e
R
o
a
d
s
10
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
2
3
7
1
32
5
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
High
WA
T
E
R
S
E
D
G
E
19
N
o
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
5
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
5
1
0
7
1
28
7
,
5
0
0
.
0
0
$
Low
20
S
e
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
o
a
d
s
7
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
5
5
3
1
24
5
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
Mid
21
Se
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
E
l
e
v
a
t
e
R
o
a
d
s
70
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
2
3
7
1
22
7
,
5
0
0
.
0
0
$
High
BE
L
V
E
D
E
R
E
P
A
R
K
22
N
o
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
6
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
7
1
0
7
1
37
5
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
High
23
S
e
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
o
a
d
s
1
8
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
5
5
3
1
63
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
Low
24
Se
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
E
l
e
v
a
t
e
R
o
a
d
s
20
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
2
3
7
1
65
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
Mid
BI
S
C
A
Y
N
E
E
A
S
T
25
N
o
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
7
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
5
1
0
7
1
40
2
,
5
0
0
.
0
0
$
Mid
26
S
e
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
o
a
d
8
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
5
5
3
1
28
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
High
27
Se
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n
R
o
a
d
1,
6
0
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
2
3
7
1
5,
2
0
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
Low
SE
C
T
I
O
N
S
2
A
N
D
4
28
N
o
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
8
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
5
1
0
7
1
46
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
Low
29
S
e
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
o
a
d
1
0
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
5
3
3
1
30
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
Mid
30
Se
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n
R
o
a
d
90
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
2
3
7
1
29
2
,
5
0
0
.
0
0
$
High
GO
L
F
V
I
E
W
31
N
o
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
4
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
5
1
0
7
1
23
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
High
32
S
e
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
o
a
d
1
8
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
5
3
3
1
54
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
Mid
33
Se
p
t
i
c
t
o
S
e
w
e
r
,
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n
R
o
a
d
22
0
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
2
3
7
1
71
5
,
0
0
0
.
0
0
$
Low
Co
s
t
p
e
r
h
o
m
e
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
w
o
r
t
h
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
l
i
fe
c
y
c
l
e
c
o
s
t
o
v
e
r
2
0
y
e
a
r
s
.
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
a
r
e
r
a
n
k
e
d
f
r
o
m
1
t
o
1
0
w
i
t
h
1
b
e
i
n
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
o
r
n
o
t
li
k
e
l
y
t
o
a
d
v
e
r
s
e
l
y
i
m
p
a
c
t
a
n
d
1
0
b
e
i
n
g
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ed
o
r
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
i
m
p
a
c
t
.
MI
A
M
I
S
H
O
R
E
S
-
A
D
A
P
T
A
T
I
O
N
P
L
A
N
LO
N
G
T
E
R
M
C
O
S
T
A
N
A
L
Y
S
I
S
:
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
M
a
t
r
i
x
1
=
F
a
v
o
r
a
b
l
e
,
0
=
N
e
u
t
r
a
l
,
-
1
=
L
e
s
s
F
a
v
o
r
a
b
l
e
Mu
l
t
i
p
l
y
b
y
n
u
m
b
e
r
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
i
s
Rank
Community Acceptance
Effect of Population Segment
Effect of Community (x2)
Technically Feasible (x3)
Long-term Solution
Expertise required & available (x2)
Reasonable Timeframe
Secondary Impacts
Capability to Implement
Funding Allocated
Community Provide Maint. (x3)
Politically Acceptable
Local Champion
Public Support
Authority to Implement (x2)
Comply with Environmental Reg's (x3)
Legal Side Effects/Taking
HOA Bylaws / Deed Restrictions
Potential Legal Challenges
Resonable Cost (x2)
Burden on Economy
Contributes to Economic Goals (x2)
Additional Jobs Impact Floodplain / Wetland Natural Environment Environmental Regulatory App'l Utility and Transportation System Total
1
Mi
a
m
i
S
h
o
r
e
E
s
t
a
t
e
s
-
N
o
A
c
t
i
o
n
-1
0
0
-1
-1
1
1
-1
1
1
1
-1
-1
-1
1
-1
-1
0
0
1
0
0
000-1-1-3
2
Mi
a
m
i
S
h
o
r
e
s
E
s
t
a
t
e
s
-
A
l
t
2
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0101126High
3
Mi
a
m
i
S
h
o
r
e
s
E
s
t
a
t
e
s
-
A
l
t
3
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
-1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0101118
4
An
c
o
S
u
b
-
N
o
A
c
t
i
o
n
1
0
0
-1
-1
1
1
-1
1
1
1
-1
0
-1
1
1
-1
0
0
1
0
0
000008
5
An
c
o
S
u
b
-
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
d
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0100023High
6
An
c
o
S
u
b
-
E
l
e
v
a
t
e
R
o
a
d
-1
0
0
1
1
1
1
-1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0100015
7
Ev
e
n
i
n
g
s
i
d
e
-
N
o
A
c
t
i
o
n
0
0
0
1
-1
1
1
-1
1
1
1
-1
0
-1
1
1
-1
0
0
1
0
0
0000-112
8
Ev
e
n
i
n
g
s
i
d
e
-
S
e
w
e
r
,
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
d
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0100124High
9
Ev
e
n
i
n
g
s
i
d
e
-
S
e
w
e
r
,
E
l
e
v
a
t
e
R
d
-1
0
0
1
1
1
1
-1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0100116
10
Ri
v
e
r
B
a
y
-
N
o
A
c
t
i
o
n
-1
0
0
-1
-1
1
1
-1
1
1
1
-1
0
-1
1
1
-1
0
0
1
0
0
0000-15
11
Ri
v
e
r
B
a
y
-
S
e
w
e
r
,
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
d
s
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0100124High
12
Ri
v
e
r
B
a
y
-
S
e
w
e
r
,
E
l
e
v
a
t
e
R
d
s
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
-1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0100119
13
E
a
r
l
e
t
o
n
-
N
o
A
c
t
i
o
n
-
1
0
0
1
-
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
1
1
-
1
0
0
1
0
0
0000-110
14
E
a
r
l
e
t
o
n
-
S
e
w
e
r
,
H
a
r
d
e
n
R
d
s
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
00100124High
15
E
a
r
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Page 1 of 1
MIAMI SHORES - Tidally Influenced Flooding 2018 (Flood Barrier)3
970 0 970485 Feet
EXISTING ROAD CONDITIONS (2018)
Roads < 2.5' to High Water Table
Miami Shores Boundary
0-10 Tidal Flood Days
11-30 Tidal Flood Days
>30 Tidal Flood Days
MIAMI SHORES - Tidally Influenced Flooding 2018 (Flood Barrier)3
970 0 970485 Feet
FUTURE ROAD CONDITIONS (2038)
Roads < 2.5' to High Water Table
Miami Shores Boundary
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MIAMI SHORES - Tidally Influenced Flooding 2018 (Flood Barrier)
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MIAMI SHORES - Tidally Influenced Flooding 2018 (Flood Barrier)3
910 0 910455 Feet
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MIAMI SHORES - Tidally Influenced Flooding 2018 (Flood Barrier)
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960 0 960480 Feet
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MIAMI SHORES - Tidally Influenced Flooding 2018 (Flood Barrier)3
950 0 950475 Feet
RECOMMENDED SEPTIC TO SEWER
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Miami Shores Boundary
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Short-term Residential (2018)
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BROCKWAY MEMORIAL LIBRARYMIAMI SHORES POLICE DEPT HEADQUARTERS
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EXISTING CRITICAL FACILITIES (2018)
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Miami Shores Boundary
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Miami Shores Boundary
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SHELTER
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ACHIEVERS ACADEMY HIGH SCHOOL
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MIAMI SHORES - Tidally Influenced Flooding 2018 (Flood Barrier)3
970 0 970485 Feet
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Area without Seawall
Area with Seawall
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